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In this paper, we propose SimMLM, a simple yet powerful framework for multimodal learning with missing modalities. Unlike existing approaches that rely on sophisticated network architectures or complex data imputation techniques, SimMLM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Sijie Li , Chen Chen , Jungong Han

Multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential in clinics for comprehensive diagnosis and surgical planning. Nevertheless, the segmentation of multi-modal MR images tends to be time-consuming and challenging. Convolutional neural…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-07 Cheng Li , Hui Sun , Zaiyi Liu , Meiyun Wang , Hairong Zheng , Shanshan Wang

Manual segmentation of medical images (e.g., segmenting tumors in CT scans) is a high-effort task that can be accelerated with machine learning techniques. However, selecting the right segmentation approach depends on the evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Seyed M. R. Modaresi , Aomar Osmani , Mohammadreza Razzazi , Abdelghani Chibani

Multi-modality imaging is widely used in clinical practice and biomedical research to gain a comprehensive understanding of an imaging subject. Currently, multi-modality imaging is accomplished by post hoc fusion of independently…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-01 Lingting Zhu , Yizheng Chen , Lianli Liu , Lei Xing , Lequan Yu

Data augmentations are widely used in training medical image deep learning models to increase the diversity and size of sparse datasets. However, commonly used augmentation techniques can result in loss of clinically relevant information…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-18 Adrit Rao , Andrea Fisher , Ken Chang , John Christopher Panagides , Katherine McNamara , Joon-Young Lee , Oliver Aalami

Multimodal machine learning, mimicking the human brain's ability to integrate various modalities has seen rapid growth. Most previous multimodal models are trained on perfectly paired multimodal input to reach optimal performance. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Ronghao Lin , Qiaolin He , Sijie Mai , Ying Zeng , Aolin Xiong , Li Huang , Yap-Peng Tan , Haifeng Hu

Medical foundation models (MFMs) aim to learn universal representations from multimodal medical images that can generalize effectively to diverse downstream clinical tasks. However, most existing MFMs suffer from information ambiguity that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yihang Liu , Longzhen Yang , Jiaxiong Yang , Ying Wen , Lianghua He , Heng Tao Shen

The success of deep convolutional neural networks is partially attributed to the massive amount of annotated training data. However, in practice, medical data annotations are usually expensive and time-consuming to be obtained. Considering…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-06 Kang Li , Lequan Yu , Shujun Wang , Pheng-Ann Heng

Multimodal deep learning (MDL) has emerged as a transformative approach in computational pathology. By integrating complementary information from multiple data sources, MDL models have demonstrated superior predictive performance across…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-17 Seth Alain Chang , Muhammad Mueez Amjad , Noorul Wahab , Ethar Alzaid , Nasir Rajpoot , Adam Shephard

In tissue characterization and cancer diagnostics, multimodal imaging has emerged as a powerful technique. Thanks to computational advances, large datasets can be exploited to discover patterns in pathologies and improve diagnosis. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Eva Breznik , Elisabeth Wetzer , Joakim Lindblad , Nataša Sladoje

Multimodal deep learning systems which employ multiple modalities like text, image, audio, video, etc., are showing better performance in comparison with individual modalities (i.e., unimodal) systems. Multimodal machine learning involves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Anil Rahate , Rahee Walambe , Sheela Ramanna , Ketan Kotecha

described by multiple instances (e.g., image patches) and simultaneously associated with multiple labels. Existing MIML methods are useful in many applications but most of which suffer from relatively low accuracy and training efficiency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Qi Lai , Jianhang Zhou , Yanfen Gan , Chi-Man Vong , Deshuang Huang

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image segmentation is crucial in diagnosing and treating many diseases, such as brain tumors. Existing MRI image segmentation methods mainly fall into a centralized multimodal paradigm, which is inapplicable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Guyue Hu , Siyuan Song , Jingpeng Sun , Zhe Jin , Chenglong Li , Jin Tang

Learning effective joint embedding for cross-modal data has always been a focus in the field of multimodal machine learning. We argue that during multimodal fusion, the generated multimodal embedding may be redundant, and the discriminative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Sijie Mai , Ying Zeng , Haifeng Hu

Visible-Infrared person re-identification (VI-ReID) is an important and challenging task in intelligent video surveillance. Existing methods mainly focus on learning a shared feature space to reduce the modality discrepancy between visible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Haichao Shi , Mandi Luo , Xiao-Yu Zhang , Ran He

Semi-supervised learning has become increasingly popular in medical image segmentation due to its ability to leverage large amounts of unlabeled data to extract additional information. However, most existing semi-supervised segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Shengbo Gao , Ziji Zhang , Jiechao Ma , Zihao Li , Shu Zhang

Multimodal remote sensing data provide complementary information for semantic segmentation, but in real-world deployments, some modalities may be unavailable due to sensor failures, acquisition issues, or challenging atmospheric conditions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Irem Ulku , Erdem Akagündüz , Ömer Özgür Tanrıöver

The accurate segmentation of brain tumors from multi-modal MRI is critical for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. While integrating complementary information from various MRI sequences is a common practice, the frequent absence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Dongqing Xie , Yonghuang Wu , Zisheng Ai , Jun Min , Zhencun Jiang , Shaojin Geng , Lei Wang

A common assumption in multimodal learning is the completeness of training data, i.e., full modalities are available in all training examples. Although there exists research endeavor in developing novel methods to tackle the incompleteness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Mengmeng Ma , Jian Ren , Long Zhao , Sergey Tulyakov , Cathy Wu , Xi Peng

Brain tumor segmentation is often based on multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, in clinical practice, certain modalities of MRI may be missing, which presents an even more difficult scenario. To cope with this challenge,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-16 Tianyi Liu , Zhaorui Tan , Haochuan Jiang , Xi Yang , Kaizhu Huang