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Statistical depth functions order the elements of a space with respect to their centrality in a probability distribution or dataset. Since many depth functions are maximized in the real line by the median, they provide a natural approach to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-26 Luis González-De La Fuente , Alicia Nieto-Reyes , Pedro Terán

The recently defined concept of a statistical depth function for fuzzy sets provides a theoretical framework for ordering fuzzy sets with respect to the distribution of a fuzzy random variable. One of the most used and studied statistical…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-27 Luis González-De La Fuente , Alicia Nieto-Reyes , Pedro Terán

We study a statistical data depth with respect to compact convex random sets which is consistent with the multivariate Tukey depth and the Tukey depth for fuzzy sets. In doing so, we provide a series of properties for statistical data depth…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-30 Luis González-De La Fuente , Alicia Nieto-Reyes , Pedro Terán

The notion of data depth has long been in use to obtain robust location and scale estimates in a multivariate setting. The depth of an observation is a measure of its centrality, with respect to a data set or a distribution. The data depths…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-09-29 Sara López-Pintado , Rebecka Jornsten

We introduce a novel projection depth for data lying in a general Hilbert space, called the regularized projection depth, with a focus on functional data. By regularizing projection directions, the proposed depth does not suffer from the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-24 Filip Bočinec , Stanislav Nagy , Hyemin Yeon

Functional depth is the functional data analysis technique that orders a functional data set. Unlike the case of data on the real line, defining this order is non-trivial, and particularly, with functional data, there are a number of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-29 Alicia Nieto-Reyes , John A. D. Aston

Statistical analysis of functional data is challenging due to their complex patterns, for which functional depth provides an effective means of reflecting their ordering structure. In this work, we investigate practical aspects of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-27 Filip Bočinec , Stanislav Nagy , Hyemin Yeon

Data depth is a well-known and useful nonparametric tool for analyzing functional data. It provides a novel way of ranking a sample of curves from the center outwards and defining robust statistics, such as the median or trimmed means. It…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-31 Carlo Sguera , Sara López-Pintado

As a measure for the centrality of a point in a set of multivariate data, statistical depth functions play important roles in multivariate analysis, because one may conveniently construct descriptive as well as inferential procedures…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-12 Xiaohui Liu , Yuanyuan Li

The fuzzy integral is a powerful parametric nonlin-ear function with utility in a wide range of applications, from information fusion to classification, regression, decision making,interpolation, metrics, morphology, and beyond. While the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Derek Anderson , Matthew Deardorff , Timothy Havens , Siva Kakula , Timothy Wilkin , Muhammad Islam , Anthony Pinar , Andrew Buck

Statistical depth, a commonly used analytic tool in non-parametric statistics, has been extensively studied for multivariate and functional observations over the past few decades. Although various forms of depth were introduced, they are…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-30 Weilong Zhao , Zishen Xu , Yun Yang , Wei Wu

The concept of depth has proved very important for multivariate and functional data analysis, as it essentially acts as a surrogate for the notion a ranking of observations which is absent in more than one dimension. Motivated by the rapid…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-30 Gery Geenens , Alicia Nieto-Reyes , Giacomo Francisci

Functional depth is used for ranking functional observations from most outlying to most typical. The ranks produced by functional depth have been proposed as the basis for functional classifiers, rank tests, and data visualization…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-11-02 James P. Long , Jianhua Z. Huang

The concept of data depth leads to a center-outward ordering of multivariate data, and it has been effectively used for developing various data analytic tools. While different notions of depth were originally developed for finite…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-02-13 Anirvan Chakraborty , Probal Chaudhuri

Methods for analyzing or learning from "fuzzy data" have attracted increasing attention in recent years. In many cases, however, existing methods (for precise, non-fuzzy data) are extended to the fuzzy case in an ad-hoc manner, and without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Eyke Hüllermeier

Data depth functions are a generalization of one-dimensional order statistics and medians to real spaces of dimension greater than one; in particular, a data depth function quantifies the centrality of a point with respect to a data set or…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-17 Michael Burr , Robert Fabrizio

During the past two decades there has been a lot of interest in developing statistical depth notions that generalize the univariate concept of ranking to multivariate data. The notion of depth has also been extended to regression models and…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-08-18 Peter J. Rousseeuw , Mia Hubert

Data depth proves successful in the analysis of multivariate data sets, in particular deriving an overall center and assigning ranks to the observed units. Two key features are: the directions of the ordering, from the center towards the…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-01-26 Claudio Agostinelli

We propose a framework for descriptively analyzing sets of partial orders based on the concept of depth functions. Despite intensive studies of depth functions in linear and metric spaces, there is very little discussion on depth functions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Hannah Blocher , Georg Schollmeyer , Christoph Jansen , Malte Nalenz

In dealing with veracity of data analytics, fuzzy methods are more and more relying on probabilistic and statistical techniques to underpin their applicability. Conversely, standard statistical models usually disregard to take into account…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-23 Elvira Di Nardo , Rosaria Simone
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