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Computer programs are not executed in isolation, but rather interact with the execution environment which drives the program behaviors. Software validation methods thus need to capture the effect of possibly complex environmental…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ruijie Meng , Gregory J. Duck , Abhik Roychoudhury

Nowadays, software is pervasive in our everyday lives. Its sustainability and environmental impact have become major factors to be considered in the development of software systems. Millennials-the newer generation of university…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-03-06 Damiano Torre , Giuseppe Procaccianti , Davide Fucci , Sonja Lutovac , Giuseppe Scanniello

Conventional cellular wireless networks were designed with the purpose of providing high throughput for the user and high capacity for the service provider, without any provisions of energy efficiency. As a result, these networks have an…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Kemal Davaslioglu , Ender Ayanoglu

Tremendous technology development in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) has changed the way we work and live. Although the numerous advantages of IoT are enriching our society, it should be reminded that the IoT also consumes energy,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-05-03 S. H. Alsamhi , Ou Ma , M. Samar Ansari , Qingliang Meng

IT power usage is a significant concern. Data center energy consumption is estimated to account for 1% to 1.5% of all energy consumption worldwide. Hardware designers, data center designers, and other members of the IT community have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Kaushik Dutta , Debra Vandermeer

The computations required for deep learning research have been doubling every few months, resulting in an estimated 300,000x increase from 2012 to 2018 [2]. These computations have a surprisingly large carbon footprint [38]. Ironically,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Roy Schwartz , Jesse Dodge , Noah A. Smith , Oren Etzioni

Machine learning continues to emerge as an important tool to be utilised within structural engineering and structural health monitoring, due to its ability to accurately and quickly perform both regression and classification tasks. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Daisy R Bradley , Elizabeth J Cross

Across the Artificial Intelligence (AI) lifecycle - from hardware to development, deployment, and reuse - burdens span energy, carbon, water, and embodied impacts. Cloud provider tools improve transparency but remain heterogeneous and often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Marcel Rojahn , Marcus Grum

As an important step to fulfill the Paris Agreement and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, the European Commission adopted the most ambitious package of climate impact measures in April 2021 to improve the flow of capital towards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-10 You Han , Achintya Gopal , Liwen Ouyang , Aaron Key

With the emergence of new methodologies and technologies it has now become possible to manage large amounts of environmental sensing data and apply new integrated computing models to acquire information intelligence. This paper advocates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-02-27 Zaheer Khan , David Ludlow , Richard McClatchey , Ashiq Anjum

The concern about sustainability has arisen due to the overuse of natural resources and the increased use of energy consumption over the last decades. Information communication technologies (ICT) has the potential to address the three main…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-06-06 Abdon Carrera Rivera , Sherah Kurnia

A global effort has been initiated to reduce the worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily carbon emissions, by half by 2030 and reach net-zero by 2050. The development of 6G must also be compliant with this goal. Unfortunately,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Peng Zhang , Yong Xiao , Yingyu Li , Xiaohu Ge , Guangming Shi , Yang Yang

Navigation apps use routing algorithms to suggest the best path to reach a user's desired destination. Although undoubtedly useful, navigation apps' impact on the urban environment (e.g., carbon dioxide emissions and population exposure to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Giuliano Cornacchia , Matteo Böhm , Giovanni Mauro , Mirco Nanni , Dino Pedreschi , Luca Pappalardo

This work focuses on the high carbon emissions generated by deep learning model training, specifically addressing the core challenge of balancing algorithm performance and energy consumption. It proposes an innovative two-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Xiang Li , Chong Zhang , Hongpeng Wang , Shreyank Narayana Gowda , Yushi Li , Xiaobo Jin

The demand in computing power has never stopped growing over the years. Today, the performance of the most powerful systems exceeds the exascale and the number of petascale systems continues to grow. Unfortunately, this growth also goes…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Abdessalam Benhari , Denis Trystram , Fanny Dufossé , Yves Denneulin , Frédéric Desprez

The environmental impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled systems is increasing rapidly, and software engineering plays a critical role in developing sustainable solutions. The "Greening AI with Software Engineering" CECAM-Lorentz…

The metaverse has recently gained increasing attention from the public. It builds up a virtual world where we can live as a new role regardless of the role we play in the physical world. However, building and operating this virtual world…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Fangming Liu , Qiangyu Pei , Shutong Chen , Yongjie Yuan , Lin Wang , Max Muhlhauser

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised concerns about their enormous carbon footprint, starting with energy-intensive training and continuing through repeated inference. This study investigates the potential of using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Anandita Garg , Uma Gaba , Deepan Muthirayan , Anish Roy Chowdhury

Green technology is viewed as a means of creating a sustainable society and a catalyst for sustainable development by the global community. It is responsible for both the potential reduction of production waste and the reduction of carbon…

The rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has intensified concerns about its environmental sustainability. Current assessments focus on operational carbon emissions using secondary data, overlooking impacts in other life cycle…