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Reducing hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) is essential for improving the accuracy of data extraction from large text corpora. Current methods, like prompt engineering and chain-of-thought prompting, focus on individual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Daniel Xie , Maxwell J. Jacobson , Adil Wazeer , Haiyan Wang , Xinghang Zhang , Yexiang Xue

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in language comprehension and generation but are prone to hallucinations, producing factually incorrect or unsupported outputs. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems address this issue by grounding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Chandana Sree Mala , Gizem Gezici , Fosca Giannotti

The widespread adoption of large language and vision models in real-world applications has made urgent the need to address hallucinations -- instances where models produce incorrect or nonsensical outputs. These errors can propagate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zhengyi Ho , Siyuan Liang , Dacheng Tao

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have revolutionized the landscape of AI, demonstrating impressive capabilities in tackling complex vision and audio-language tasks. However, a critical challenge remains: these models often suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Itai Allouche , Joseph Keshet

This paper presents null-shot prompting. Null-shot prompting exploits hallucination in large language models (LLMs) by instructing LLMs to utilize information from the "Examples" section that never exists within the provided context to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Pittawat Taveekitworachai , Febri Abdullah , Ruck Thawonmas

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled them to effectively integrate vision and language, addressing a variety of downstream tasks. However, despite their significant success, these models still exhibit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zixian Gao , Chao Yang , Zhanhui Zhou , Xing Xu , Chaochao Lu

The emergence of LLMs, like ChatGPT and Gemini, has marked the modern era of artificial intelligence applications characterized by high-impact applications generating text, images, and videos. However, these models usually ensue with one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Abdennour Boulesnane , Abdelhakim Souilah

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) often hallucinate content that is fluent yet unsupported by the image, limiting their reliability in real-world deployment. We show that a key failure mode arises from route competition: even when visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhe Cheng , Wenyu Chen , Fode Zhang , Dehuan Shen

Recent methodologies utilizing synthetic datasets have aimed to address inconsistent hallucinations in large language models (LLMs); however,these approaches are primarily tailored to specific tasks, limiting their generalizability.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Xinxin You , Xien Liu , Qixin Sun , Huan Zhang , Kaiyin Zhou , Shaohui Liu , GuoPing Hu , ShiJin Wang , Si Liu , Ji Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and reasoning, but suffer from hallucination: the generation of factually incorrect content. While numerous methods have been developed to reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Mohor Banerjee , Nadya Yuki Wangsajaya , Syed Ali Redha Alsagoff , Min Sen Tan , Zachary Choy Kit Chun , Alvin Chan Guo Wei

Large Language Models (LLMs)-based question answering (QA) systems play a critical role in modern AI, demonstrating strong performance across various tasks. However, LLM-generated responses often suffer from hallucinations, unfaithful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yuqing Zhao , Ziyao Liu , Yongsen Zheng , Kwok-Yan Lam

Hallucinations in Large Language Model (LLM) outputs for Question Answering (QA) tasks can critically undermine their real-world reliability. This paper introduces a methodology for robust, one-shot hallucination detection, specifically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Charles Moslonka , Hicham Randrianarivo , Arthur Garnier , Emmanuel Malherbe

Large Language Models (LLMs) are optimized to produce distributionally plausible continuations rather than to explicitly verify whether generated propositions are entailed by source documents. This inductive bias enables generalization, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Paul Landes , Pranav Herur , Adam Cross , Jimeng Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their propensity for hallucination, generating plausible but factually incorrect or fabricated content, remains a critical challenge. This report provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Manuel Cossio

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable fluency across linguistic and reasoning tasks but remain systematically prone to hallucination. Prevailing accounts attribute hallucinations to data gaps, limited context, or optimization…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Richard Ackermann , Simeon Emanuilov

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a variety of tasks, but their increasing autonomy in real-world applications raises concerns about their trustworthiness. While hallucinations-unintentional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Haoran Huan , Mihir Prabhudesai , Mengning Wu , Shantanu Jaiswal , Deepak Pathak

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has found a widespread use in computing education; at the same time, quality of generated materials raises concerns among educators and students. This study addresses this issue by introducing a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Evanfiya Logacheva , Arto Hellas , Tsvetomila Mihaylova , Juha Sorva , Ava Heinonen , Juho Leinonen

The rapid evolution of software libraries creates a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs), whose static parametric knowledge often becomes stale post-training. While retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is commonly used to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Ahmed Nusayer Ashik , Shaowei Wang , Tse-Hsun Chen , Muhammad Asaduzzaman , Yuan Tian

Large language models face intrinsic limitations in coding with APIs that are unseen in their training corpora. As libraries continuously evolve, it becomes impractical to exhaustively retrain LLMs with new API knowledge. This limitation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yunkun Wang , Yue Zhang , Zhen Qin , Chen Zhi , Binhua Li , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Shuiguang Deng

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown impressive capabilities in multi-step reasoning tasks. However, alongside these successes, a more deceptive form of model error has emerged--Reasoning Hallucination--where logically coherent but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhongxiang Sun , Qipeng Wang , Haoyu Wang , Xiao Zhang , Jun Xu