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We present a means of formulating and solving graph coloring problems with probabilistic graphical models. In contrast to the prevalent literature that uses factor graphs for this purpose, we instead approach it from a cluster graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Simon Streicher , Johan du Preez

This paper introduces the concept of domination in the context of colored graphs (where each color assigns a weight to the vertices of its class), termed up-color domination, where a vertex dominating another must be heavier than the other.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-12 María A. Garrido-Vizuete , Mucuy-kak Guevara , Alberto Márquez , Rafael Robles

This paper describes several new problems and ideas concerning algebraic geometry and complexity theory. It first uses the idea of coloring graphs with elements of finite fields. This procedure then shows that graph coloring problems can be…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Paul Hriljac

Using the definition of colouring of $2$-edge-coloured graphs derived from $2$-edge-coloured graph homomorphism, we extend the definition of chromatic polynomial to $2$-edge-coloured graphs. We find closed forms for the first three…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-28 I. Beaton , D. Cox , C. Duffy , N. Zolkavich

Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a graph property. A $\mathcal{P}$-coloring with at most $k$ colors is a coloring of the vertices of a simple graph $G$ such that each color class induces a graph in $\mathcal{P}$. Harary polynomials are generalizations…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Johann A. Makowsky

We introduce a class of pairs of graphs consisting of two cliques joined by an arbitrary number of edges. The members of a pair have the property that the clique-bridging edge-set of one graph is the complement of that of the other. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-06-08 Adam Bohn

This paper surveys a comprehensive, although not exhaustive, sampling of graph polynomials with the goal of providing a brief overview of a variety of techniques defining a graph polynomial and then for decoding the combinatorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-07-01 Joanna Ellis-Monaghan , Criel Merino

This paper introduces a new variant of domination-related coloring of graphs, which is a combination of their dominator coloring and equitable coloring called the equitable dominator coloring. An equitable coloring is a proper coloring in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Phebe Sarah George , S. Madhumitha , Sudev Naduvath

Gcd-graphs over the ring of integers modulo $n$ are a natural generalization of unitary Cayley graphs. The study of these graphs has foundations in various mathematical fields, including number theory, ring theory, and representation…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Ján Mináč , Tung T. Nguyen , Nguyen Duy Tân

In this paper, two recursion formulae of chromatic polynomial of a maximal planar graph G are obtained. Moreover, the application of these formulaes to the proof of Four-Color Conjecture is investigated. By using these formulae, the proof…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-03-17 Jin Xu

The theory of colorful graphs can be developed by working in Galois field modulo (p), p > 2 and a prime number. The paper proposes a program of possible conversion of graph theory into a pleasant colorful appearance. We propose to paint the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dhananjay P. Mehendale

Motivated by studies of oscillator networks, we study the spectrum of the join of several normal matrices with constant row sums. We apply our results to compute the characteristic polynomial of the join of several regular graphs. We then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-10 Jan Mináč , Lyle Muller , Tung T. Nguyen , Federico W. Pasini

In this article we describe a new inductive approach to compute the chromatic polynomial of simple graphs and the characteristic polynomial of central hyperplane arrangements.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Madison Cox , Michele Torielli

For a graph embedded into a surface, we relate many combinatorial parameters of the cycle matroid of the graph and the bond matroid of the dual graph with the topological parameters of the embedding. This will give an expression of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-17 R. Askanazi , S. Chmutov , C. Estill , J. Michel , P. Stollenwerk

Classical spectral graph theory characterizes graphs with logarithmic mixing time. In this work, we present a combinatorial characterization of graphs with constant mixing time. The combinatorial characterization is based on the small-set…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Lap Chi Lau , Raymond Liu

We study the spectrum of the join of several circulant matrices. We apply our results to compute explicitly the spectrum of certain graphs obtained by joining several circulant graphs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-13 Jacqueline Doan , Jan Minac , Lyle Muller , Tung T. Nguyen , Federico W. Pasini

Graph polynomials are graph parameters invariant under graph isomorphisms which take values in a polynomial ring with a fixed finite number of indeterminates. We study graph polynomials from a model theoretic point of view. In this paper we…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-05-24 J. A. Makowsky , E. V. Ravve , T. Kotek

The aim of this paper is to generalize the notion of the coloring complex of a graph to hypergraphs. We present three different interpretations of those complexes -- a purely combinatorial one and two geometric ones. It is shown, that most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-05-01 Felix Breuer , Aaron Dall , Martina Kubitzke

In this paper we study some properties of Fibonacci-sum set-graphs. The aforesaid graphs are an extension of the notion of Fibonacci-sum graphs to the notion of set-graphs. The colouring of Fibonacci-sum graphs is also discussed. A number…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2018-02-08 Eunice G Mphako-Banda , Johan Kok , Sudev Naduvath

A power dominating set of a graph is a set of vertices that observes every vertex in the graph by combining classical domination with an iterative propagation process arising from electrical circuit theory. In this paper, we study the power…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-29 Boris Brimkov , Rutvik Patel , Varun Suriyanarayana , Alexander Teich