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There exists a planar domain with piecewise smooth boundary and one hole such that the second eigenfunction for the Laplacian with Neumann boundary conditions attains its maximum and minimum inside the domain.

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Krzysztof Burdzy

We consider the eigenvalue problem for the Laplacian with mixed Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. For a certain class of bounded, simply connected planar domains we prove monotonicity properties of the first eigenfunction. As a…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-06 Nausica Aldeghi , Jonathan Rohleder

Let $D \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ be a bounded, connected domain with smooth boundary and let $-\Delta u = \mu_1 u$ be the first nontrivial eigenfunction of the Laplace operator with Neumann boundary conditions. We prove $$ \max_{x \in D} ~u(x)…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-10-11 Stefan Steinerberger

We prove a variant of Rauch's hot spots conjecture for hyperbolic planar domains with small Neumann or mixed Dirichlet-Neumann eigenvalues. We conclude, for instance, that on bounded convex domains in the hyperbolic plane with sufficiently…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-22 Lawford Hatcher

The Hot Spots constant for bounded smooth domains was recently introduced by Steinerberger (2021) as a means to control the global extrema of the first nontrivial eigenfunction of the Neumann Laplacian by its boundary extrema. We generalize…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-10-20 Phanuel Mariano , Hugo Panzo , Jing Wang

We construct a counterexample to the ``hot spots'' conjecture; there exists a bounded connected planar domain (with two holes) such that the second eigenvalue of the Laplacian in that domain with Neumann boundary conditions is simple and…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Krzysztof Burdzy , Wendelin Werner

We build a one-parameter family of S^{1}-invariant metrics on the unit disc with fixed total area for which the second eigenvalue of the Laplace operator in the case of both Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions is simple and has an…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 P. Freitas

The second eigenfunction of the Neumann Laplacian on convex, planar domains is considered. Inspired by the famous hot spots conjecture and a related result of Steinerberger, we show that potential critical points of this eigenfunction (and,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-01-26 Jonathan Rohleder

We prove that on convex domains, first mixed Laplace eigenfunctions have no interior critical points if the Dirichlet region is connected and sufficiently small. We also find two seemingly new estimates on the first mixed eigenvalue to give…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-05-29 Lawford Hatcher

We study the hot spots conjecture for domains in the Gaussian space $(\mathbb{R}^n, (2\pi)^{-n/2} e^{-|x|^2/2} dx)$ for $n \ge 2$. Given a bounded domain $\Omega$ with a piecewise smooth boundary, we consider the first nontrivial…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Bobo Hua , Jin Sun

We review a recent new approach to the study of critical points of Laplacian eigenfunctions. Its core novelty is a non-standard variational principle for the eigenvalues of the Laplacians with Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions on…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-03 Jonathan Rohleder

The hot spots conjecture asserts that for any convex bounded domain $\Omega$ in $\mathbb R^d$, the first non-trivial Neumann eigenfunction of the Laplace operator in $\Omega$ attains its maximum at the boundary. We construct counterexamples…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-12-10 Jaume de Dios Pont

We prove constant-curvature analogues of several results regarding the hot spots conjecture in dimension two. Our main theorem shows that the hot spots conjecture holds for all non-acute geodesic triangles of constant negative curvature. We…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-20 Lawford Hatcher

We give an elementary new proof of the hot spots conjecture for L-shaped domains. This result, in addition to a new eigenvalue inequality, allows us to locate the hot spots in Swiss cross translation surfaces. We then prove, in several…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-05-29 Lawford Hatcher

We introduce a new variational principle for the study of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplacians with Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions on planar domains. In contrast to the classical variational principles, its minimizers…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-15 Jonathan Rohleder

Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ be a bounded, convex domain and let $-\Delta \phi_1 = \mu_1 \phi_1$ be the first nontrivial Laplacian eigenfunction with Neumann boundary conditions. The Hot Spots conjecture claims that the maximum and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-07-31 Stefan Steinerberger

We consider the mixed Dirichlet-conormal problem for the heat equation on cylindrical domains with a bounded and Lipschitz base $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ and a time-dependent separation $\Lambda$. Under certain mild regularity…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-11-24 Hongjie Dong , Zongyuan Li

We use probabilistic tools based on Brownian motion and Feynman-Kac formulae to investigate the heat profile for the ground state Dirichlet and second Neumann eigenfunctions. Among other topics, we comment on supremum norm bounds for ground…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-03-31 Mayukh Mukherjee , Soumyajit Saha

The maxima and minima of Neumann eigenfunctions of thin tubular neighbourhoods of curves on surfaces are located in terms of the maxima and minima of Neumann eigenfunctions of the underlying curves. In particular, the hot spots conjecture…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-05-21 David Krejcirik , Matěj Tušek

The hot spots conjecture is only known to be true for special geometries. It can be shown numerically that the hot spots conjecture can fail to be true for easy to construct bounded domains with one hole. The underlying eigenvalue problem…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-01-06 Andreas Kleefeld
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