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Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are a key component for protecting Internet of Things (IoT) environments. However, in Machine Learning-based (ML-based) IDSs, performance is often degraded by the strong class imbalance between benign and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Estela Sánchez-Carballo , Francisco M. Melgarejo-Meseguer , José Luis Rojo-Álvarez

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has significantly increased the attack surface of such systems, making them vulnerable to a wide range of cyber threats. Traditional Intrusion Detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Hamid Barati

The Internet as we know it Today, comprises several fundamental interrelated networks, among which is the Internet of Things (IoT). Despite their versatility, several IoT devices are vulnerable from a security perspective, which renders…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Zainab Al-Othman , Mouhammd Alkasassbeh , Sherenaz AL-Haj Baddar

Due to its simple installation and connectivity, the Internet of Things (IoT) is susceptible to malware attacks. Being able to operate autonomously. As IoT devices have become more prevalent, they have become the most tempting targets for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Marwan Omar

As the internet continues to be populated with new devices and emerging technologies, the attack surface grows exponentially. Technology is shifting towards a profit-driven Internet of Things market where security is an afterthought.…

The Internet traffic data produced by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices are collected by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and device manufacturers, and often shared with their third parties to maintain and enhance user services.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Su Wang , Keyang Yu , Qi Li , Dong Chen

In recent years, the increase in non-Windows malware threats had turned the focus of the cybersecurity community. Research works on hunting Windows PE-based malwares are maturing, whereas the developments on Linux malware threat hunting are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Anandharaju Durai Raju , Ibrahim Abualhaol , Ronnie Salvador Giagone , Yang Zhou , Shengqiang Huang

IoT devices particularly microcontrollers are challenged by their inherent limitations in processing capabilities, memory capacity, and energy conservation. Securing communication within IoT networks is further complicated by the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Vasilis Ieropoulos , Eirini Anthi , Theodoros Spyridopoulos , Pete Burnap , Aftab Khan , Pietro Carnelli

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a foundational paradigm supporting a range of applications, including healthcare, education, agriculture, smart homes, and, more recently, enterprise systems. However, significant advancements in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Shiva Sattarpour , Ali Barati , Hamid Barati

The increasing complexity and scale of the Internet of Things (IoT) have made security a critical concern. This paper presents a novel Large Language Model (LLM)-based framework for comprehensive threat detection and prevention in IoT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Yazan Otoum , Arghavan Asad , Amiya Nayak

The increasing incidence of IoT-based botnet attacks has driven interest in advanced learning models for detection. Recent efforts have focused on leveraging attention mechanisms to model long-range feature dependencies and Graph Neural…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Hassan Wasswa , Hussein Abbass , Timothy Lynar

With the ever-increasing reliance on digital networks for various aspects of modern life, ensuring their security has become a critical challenge. Intrusion Detection Systems play a crucial role in ensuring network security, actively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Hamdi Friji , Ioannis Mavromatis , Adrian Sanchez-Mompo , Pietro Carnelli , Alexis Olivereau , Aftab Khan

Machine Learning (ML)-based network intrusion detection systems bring many benefits for enhancing the cybersecurity posture of an organisation. Many systems have been designed and developed in the research community, often achieving a close…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Mohanad Sarhan , Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

Internet of things (IoT) connects all items to the Internet through information-sensing devices to exchange information for intelligent identification and management. Sybil attack is a famous and crippling attack in IoT. Most of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Manli Yuan , Liwei Lin , Zhengyu Wu , Xiucai Ye

Internet of Things (IoT) has become a popular paradigm to fulfil needs of the industry such as asset tracking, resource monitoring and automation. As security mechanisms are often neglected during the deployment of IoT devices, they are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Martin Kodys , Zhi Lu , Kar Wai Fok , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Software vulnerabilities in access control models can represent a serious threat in a system. In fact, OWASP lists broken access control as number 5 in severity among the top 10 vulnerabilities. In this paper, we study the permission model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Atheer Abu Zaid , Manar H. Alalfi , Ali Miri

This work presents a threat modelling approach to represent changes to the attack paths through an Internet of Things (IoT) environment when the environment changes dynamically, i.e., when new devices are added or removed from the system or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Marwa Salayma

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem has transformed various sectors but has also introduced significant cybersecurity challenges. Traditional centralized security methods often struggle to balance privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Milad Rahmati

Although AI-based models have achieved high accuracy in IoT threat detection, their deployment in enterprise environments is constrained by reliance on stationary datasets that fail to reflect the dynamic nature of real-world IoT NetFlow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Hassan Wasswa , Timothy Lynar

This paper critically examines the device identification process using machine learning, addressing common pitfalls in existing literature. We analyze the trade-offs between identification methods (unique vs. class based), data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Kahraman Kostas , Rabia Yasa Kostas
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