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We introduce layered automata, a subclass of alternating parity automata that generalises deterministic automata. Assuming a consistency property, these automata are history deterministic and 0-1 probabilistic. We show that every…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Antonio Casares , Christof Löding , Igor Walukiewicz

This paper establishes a lower bound on the number of states necessary in the worst case to simulate an $n$-state two-way nondeterministic finite automaton (2NFA) by a one-way unambiguous finite automaton (UFA). It is proved that for every…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Semyon Petrov , Alexander Okhotin

Modern language models define distributions over strings, but downstream tasks often require different output formats. For instance, a model that generates byte-pair strings does not directly produce word-level predictions, and a DNA model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Vésteinn Snæbjarnarson , Samuel Kiegeland , Tianyu Liu , Reda Boumasmoud , Ryan Cotterell , Tim Vieira

The RPNI algorithm (Oncina, Garcia 1992) constructs deterministic finite automata from finite sets of negative and positive example words. We propose and analyze an extension of this algorithm to deterministic $\omega$-automata with…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-10 León Bohn , Christof Löding

A data language is a set of finite words defined on an infinite alphabet. Data languages are used to express properties associated with data values (domain defined over a countably infinite set). In this paper, we introduce set augmented…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Ansuman Banerjee , Kingshuk Chatterjee , Shibashis Guha

Given an order of the underlying alphabet we can lift it to the states of a finite deterministic automaton: to compare states we use the order of the strings reaching them. When the order on strings is the co-lexicographic one \emph{and}…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Giovanna D'Agostino , Davide Martincigh , Alberto Policriti

Algorithms of inference in a computer system oriented to input and semantic processing of text information are presented. Such inference is necessary for logical questions when the direct comparison of objects from a question and database…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2012-02-02 Yuriy Ostapov

An attractive mechanism to specify global constraints in rostering and other domains is via formal languages. For instance, the Regular and Grammar constraints specify constraints in terms of the languages accepted by an automaton and a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-03-04 George Katsirelos , Nina Narodytska , Toby Walsh

After presenting a novel O(n^3) parsing algorithm for dependency grammar, we develop three contrasting ways to stochasticize it. We propose (a) a lexical affinity model where words struggle to modify each other, (b) a sense tagging model…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-06 Jason Eisner

Many methods for the verification of complex computer systems require the existence of a tractable mathematical abstraction of the system, often in the form of an automaton. In reality, however, such a model is hard to come up with, in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Stefan Zetzsche

Automata over infinite alphabets have emerged as a convenient computational model for processing structures involving data, such as nonces in cryptographic protocols or data values in XML documents. We introduce active learning methods for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Florian Frank , Stefan Milius , Jurriaan Rot , Henning Urbat

Tree automata based algorithms are essential in many fields in computer science such as verification, specification, program analysis. They become also essential for databases with the development of standards such as XML. In this paper, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 J. Carme , R. Gilleron , A. Lemay , A. Terlutte , M. Tommasi

We propose an interactive approach to language learning that utilizes linguistic acceptability judgments from an informant (a competent language user) to learn a grammar. Given a grammar formalism and a framework for synthesizing data, our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Canaan Breiss , Alexis Ross , Amani Maina-Kilaas , Roger Levy , Jacob Andreas

State-of-the-art results in typical classification tasks are mostly achieved by unexplainable machine learning methods, like deep neural networks, for instance. Contrarily, in this paper, we investigate the application of rule learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Albert Nössig , Tobias Hell , Georg Moser

Determining the minimum number of states required by a finite automaton to separate a given pair of different words is an important problem. In this paper, we consider this problem for quantum automata (QFAs). We show that 2-state QFAs can…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-26 Aleksandrs Belovs , Juan Andres Montoya , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz

Despite the success of distributional semantics, composing phrases from word vectors remains an important challenge. Several methods have been tried for benchmark tasks such as sentiment classification, including word vector averaging,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-12-14 Pranjal Singh , Amitabha Mukerjee

The words-as-classifiers model of grounded lexical semantics learns a semantic fitness score between physical entities and the words that are used to denote those entities. In this paper, we explore how such a model can incrementally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Daniele Moro , Stacy Black , Casey Kennington

We consider the computability and complexity of decision questions for Probabilistic Finite Automata (PFA) with sub-exponential ambiguity. We show that the emptiness problem for strict and non-strict cut-points of polynomially ambiguous…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Paul C. Bell

We show that every regular language defines a unique nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA), which we call "\'atomaton", whose states are the "atoms" of the language, that is, non-empty intersections of complemented or uncomplemented left…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-08-20 Janusz Brzozowski , Hellis Tamm

We study three levels in a hierarchy of nondeterminism: A nondeterministic automaton $\mathcal{A}$ is determinizable by pruning (DBP) if we can obtain a deterministic automaton equivalent to $\mathcal{A}$ by removing some of its…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Bader Abu Radi , Orna Kupferman , Ofer Leshkowitz
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