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We propose SpatialLLM, a novel approach advancing spatial intelligence tasks in complex urban scenes. Unlike previous methods requiring geographic analysis tools or domain expertise, SpatialLLM is a unified language model directly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jiabin Chen , Haiping Wang , Jinpeng Li , Yuan Liu , Zhen Dong , Bisheng Yang

Processing long-form videos with Video Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) is computationally prohibitive. Current efficiency methods often compromise fine-grained perception through irreversible information disposal or inhibit long-range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Handong Li , Zikang Liu , Longteng Guo , Tongtian Yue , Yepeng Tang , Xinxin Zhu , Chuanyang Zheng , Ziming Wang , Zhibin Wang , Jun Song , Cheng Yu , Bo Zheng , Jing Liu

The rapid advancement of autonomous systems, including self-driving vehicles and drones, has intensified the need to forge true Spatial Intelligence from multi-modal onboard sensor data. While foundation models excel in single-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Song Wang , Lingdong Kong , Xiaolu Liu , Hao Shi , Wentong Li , Jianke Zhu , Steven C. H. Hoi

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently made rapid progress toward unified Omni models that integrate vision, language, and audio. However, existing environments largely focus on 2D or 3D visual context and vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yurui Dong , Ziyue Wang , Shuyun Lu , Dairu Liu , Xuechen Liu , Fuwen Luo , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is employed to develop autonomous agents that can learn to adopt cooperative or competitive strategies within complex environments. However, the linear increase in the number of agents leads to a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zhihao Liu , Xianliang Yang , Zichuan Liu , Yifan Xia , Wei Jiang , Yuanyu Zhang , Lijuan Li , Guoliang Fan , Lei Song , Bian Jiang

We explore Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), which integrate LLMs like GPT-4 to handle multimodal data, including text, images, audio, and more. MLLMs demonstrate capabilities such as generating image captions and answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Shezheng Song , Xiaopeng Li , Shasha Li , Shan Zhao , Jie Yu , Jun Ma , Xiaoguang Mao , Weimin Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in comprehending visual input alongside text input. Typically, these models are trained on extensive data sourced from the internet, which are sufficient for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xuefei Sun , Doncey Albin , Cecilia Mauceri , Dusty Woods , Christoffer Heckman

Spatial reasoning is foundational for Vision-Language Models (VLMs), particularly when deployed as Vision-Language-Action (VLA) agents in physical environments. However, existing benchmarks predominantly focus on elementary, single-hop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Youngwan Lee , Soojin Jang , Yoorhim Cho , Seunghwan Lee , Yong-Ju Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Multimodal language models now integrate text, audio, and video for unified reasoning. Yet existing RL post-training pipelines treat all input signals as equally relevant, ignoring which modalities each task actually requires. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Nikhil Verma , Minjung Kim , JooYoung Yoo , Kyung-Min Jin , Manasa Bharadwaj , Kevin Ferreira , Ko Keun Kim , Youngjoon Kim

With the proliferation of images in online content, language-guided image retrieval (LGIR) has emerged as a research hotspot over the past decade, encompassing a variety of subtasks with diverse input forms. While the development of large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Pengfei Luo , Jingbo Zhou , Tong Xu , Yuan Xia , Linli Xu , Enhong Chen

The advent of Transformers has revolutionized computer vision, offering a powerful alternative to convolutional neural networks (CNNs), especially with the local attention mechanism that excels at capturing local structures within the input…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Mengke Ge , Junpeng Wang , Binhan Chen , Yingjian Zhong , Haitao Du , Song Chen , Yi Kang

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and reasoning about visual content, but significant challenges persist in tasks requiring cross-viewpoint understanding and spatial reasoning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Dingming Li , Hongxing Li , Zixuan Wang , Yuchen Yan , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Guiyang Hou , Shengpei Jiang , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang

Large vision-language models (VLMs) still struggle with reliable 3D spatial reasoning, a core capability for embodied and physical AI systems. This limitation arises from their inability to capture fine-grained 3D geometry and spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jian Zhang , Shijie Zhou , Bangya Liu , Achuta Kadambi , Zhiwen Fan

Multi-modal fusion has played a vital role in multi-modal scene understanding. Most existing methods focus on cross-modal fusion involving two modalities, often overlooking more complex multi-modal fusion, which is essential for real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yi Liu , Chengxin Li , Shoukun Xu , Jungong Han

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), which integrate language and visual cues for problem-solving, are crucial for advancing artificial general intelligence (AGI). However, current benchmarks for measuring the intelligence of MLLMs…

Training multimodal large language models has long been limited by the scarcity of high-quality paired multimodal data. Recent studies show that the shared representation space of pretrained multimodal contrastive models can serve as a…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xiaomin Yu , Yijiang Li , Yuhui Zhang , Hanzhen Zhao , Yue Yang , Hao Tang , Yue Song , Xiaobin Hu , Chengwei Qin , Shuicheng Yan , Hui Xiong

Music has a unique and complex structure which is challenging for both expert humans and existing AI systems to understand, and presents unique challenges relative to other forms of audio. We present LLark, an instruction-tuned multimodal…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Josh Gardner , Simon Durand , Daniel Stoller , Rachel M. Bittner

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) incorporate heterogeneous modalities into LLMs, enabling a comprehensive understanding of diverse scenarios and objects. Despite the proliferation of evaluation benchmarks and leaderboards for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yichi Zhang , Zhuo Chen , Lingbing Guo , Yajing Xu , Min Zhang , Wen Zhang , Huajun Chen

Omni Large Language Models (Omni-LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in holistic multi-modal perception, yet they consistently falter in complex scenarios requiring synergistic omni-modal reasoning. Beyond understanding global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hongcheng Liu , Yuhao Wang , Zhe Chen , Pingjie Wang , Zhiyuan Zhu , Yixuan Hou , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable problem-solving capabilities by autonomously integrating with external tools for collaborative reasoning. However, due to the inherently complex and diverse nature of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Mengjie Deng , Guanting Dong , Zhicheng Dou