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Empathetic and coherent responses are critical in auto-mated chatbot-facilitated psychotherapy. This study addresses the challenge of enhancing the emotional and contextual understanding of large language models (LLMs) in psychiatric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Abdur Rasool , Muhammad Irfan Shahzad , Hafsa Aslam , Vincent Chan , Muhammad Ali Arshad

Emotion recognition in speech is a challenging multimodal task that requires understanding both verbal content and vocal nuances. This paper introduces a novel approach to emotion detection using Large Language Models (LLMs), which have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zehui Wu , Ziwei Gong , Lin Ai , Pengyuan Shi , Kaan Donbekci , Julia Hirschberg

Designing emotionally intelligent conversational systems to provide comfort and advice to people experiencing distress is a compelling area of research. Recently, with advancements in large language models (LLMs), end-to-end dialogue agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Chenwei Wan , Matthieu Labeau , Chloé Clavel

In this paper, we introduce EmpBot: an end-to-end empathetic chatbot. Empathetic conversational agents should not only understand what is being discussed, but also acknowledge the implied feelings of the conversation partner and respond…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Emmanouil Zaranis , Georgios Paraskevopoulos , Athanasios Katsamanis , Alexandros Potamianos

Beyond mere formality, small talk plays a pivotal role in social dynamics, serving as a verbal handshake for building rapport and understanding. For conversational AI and social robots, the ability to engage in small talk enhances their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Rebecca Ramnauth , Dražen Brščić , Brian Scassellati

This paper explores the integration of human-like emotions and ethical considerations into Large Language Models (LLMs). We first model eight fundamental human emotions, presented as opposing pairs, and employ collaborative LLMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Edward Y. Chang

While current dialogue systems like ChatGPT have made significant advancements in text-based interactions, they often overlook the potential of other modalities in enhancing the overall user experience. We present FaceChat, a web-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Deema Alnuhait , Qingyang Wu , Zhou Yu

Recent years have witnessed great progress on building emotional chatbots. Tremendous methods have been proposed for chatbots to generate responses with given emotions. However, the emotion changes of the user during the conversation has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Hao Jiang , Yutao Zhu , Xinyu Zhang , Zhicheng Dou , Pan Du , Te Pi , Yantao Jia

This study analyzes changes in the attention mechanisms of large language models (LLMs) when used to understand natural conversations between humans (human-human). We analyze three use cases of LLMs: interactions over web content, code, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Toshish Jawale , Chaitanya Animesh , Sekhar Vallath , Kartik Talamadupula , Larry Heck

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly permeate daily lives, there is a growing demand for real-time interactions that mirror human conversations. Traditional turn-based chat systems driven by LLMs prevent users from verbally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Xinrong Zhang , Yingfa Chen , Shengding Hu , Xu Han , Zihang Xu , Yuanwei Xu , Weilin Zhao , Maosong Sun , Zhiyuan Liu

Embodied agents designed to assist users with tasks must engage in natural language interactions, interpret instructions, execute actions, and communicate effectively to resolve issues. However, collecting large-scale, diverse datasets of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Daniel Philipov , Vardhan Dongre , Gokhan Tur , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

This paper presents a unified spoken language model for emotional intelligence, enhanced by a novel data construction strategy termed Injected Emotional-Attribution Thinking (IEAT). IEAT incorporates user emotional states and their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Qing Wang , Zehan Li , Yaodong Song , Hongjie Chen , Jian Kang , Jie Lian , Jie Li , Yongxiang Li , Xuelong Li

Empathetic interaction is a cornerstone of human-machine communication, due to the need for understanding speech enriched with paralinguistic cues and generating emotional and expressive responses. However, the most powerful empathetic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chen Wang , Tianyu Peng , Wen Yang , Yinan Bai , Guangfu Wang , Jun Lin , Lanpeng Jia , Lingxiang Wu , Jinqiao Wang , Chengqing Zong , Jiajun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text, yet they largely operate as reactive agents, responding only when directly prompted. This passivity creates an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Deep Anil Patel , Iain Melvin , Christopher Malon , Martin Renqiang Min

With the advancement of large language models (LLMs), the focus in Conversational AI has shifted from merely generating coherent and relevant responses to tackling more complex challenges, such as personalizing dialogue systems. In an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Maria Molchanova , Anna Mikhailova , Anna Korzanova , Lidiia Ostyakova , Alexandra Dolidze

Conversational systems are now capable of producing impressive and generally relevant responses. However, we have no visibility nor control of the socio-emotional strategies behind state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs), which poses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Lorraine Vanel , Ariel R. Ramos Vela , Alya Yacoubi , Chloé Clavel

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have demonstrated impressive performance in the text generation task, showing the ability to understand and respond to complex instructions. However, the performance of naive LLMs in speciffc…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 HuangChao Xu , Baohua Zhang , Zhong Jin , Tiannian Zhu , Quansheng Wu , Hongming Weng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant attention, primarily for their capabilities in text-based interactions. However, natural human interaction often relies on speech, necessitating a shift towards voice-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wenqian Cui , Dianzhi Yu , Xiaoqi Jiao , Ziqiao Meng , Guangyan Zhang , Qichao Wang , Yiwen Guo , Irwin King

Emotion recognition in conversations (ERC) is challenging due to the multimodal nature of the emotion expression. In this paper, we propose to pretrain a text-based recognition model from unsupervised speech transcripts with LLM guidance.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Soumya Dutta , Sriram Ganapathy

Recent advances in end-to-end spoken language models (SLMs) have significantly improved the ability of AI systems to engage in natural spoken interactions. However, most existing models treat speech merely as a vehicle for linguistic…

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