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We consider linear two-time-scale stochastic approximation algorithms driven by martingale noise. Recent applications in machine learning motivate the need to understand finite-time error rates, but conventional stochastic approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Seo Taek Kong , Sihan Zeng , Thinh T. Doan , R. Srikant

Temporal-difference (TD) learning is widely regarded as one of the most popular algorithms in reinforcement learning (RL). Despite its widespread use, it has only been recently that researchers have begun to actively study its finite time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Han-Dong Lim , Donghwan Lee

Stochastic approximation (SA) with multiple coupled sequences has found broad applications in machine learning such as bilevel learning and reinforcement learning (RL). In this paper, we study the finite-time convergence of nonlinear SA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Han Shen , Tianyi Chen

Motivated by their broad applications in reinforcement learning, we study the linear two-time-scale stochastic approximation, an iterative method using two different step sizes for finding the solutions of a system of two equations. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Thinh T. Doan

We propose dynamic sampled stochastic approximation (SA) methods for stochastic optimization with a heavy-tailed distribution (with finite 2nd moment). The objective is the sum of a smooth convex function with a convex regularizer.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-05-26 Alejandro Jofré , Philip Thompson

We study two time-scale linear stochastic approximation algorithms, which can be used to model well-known reinforcement learning algorithms such as GTD, GTD2, and TDC. We present finite-time performance bounds for the case where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Harsh Gupta , R. Srikant , Lei Ying

We undertake a precise study of the asymptotic and non-asymptotic properties of stochastic approximation procedures with Polyak-Ruppert averaging for solving a linear system $\bar{A} \theta = \bar{b}$. When the matrix $\bar{A}$ is Hurwitz,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-10 Wenlong Mou , Chris Junchi Li , Martin J. Wainwright , Peter L. Bartlett , Michael I. Jordan

We study stochastic nonconvex optimization under heavy-tailed noise. In this setting, the stochastic gradients only have bounded $p$-th central moment ($p$-BCM) for some $p \in (1,2]$. Building on the foundational work of Arjevani et al.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Adrien Fradin , Abdurakhmon Sadiev , Laurent Condat , Peter Richtárik

This paper concerns quasi-stochastic approximation (QSA) to solve root finding problems commonly found in applications to optimization and reinforcement learning. The general constant gain algorithm may be expressed as the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Caio Kalil Lauand , Sean Meyn

In this paper, we establish maximal concentration bounds for the iterates generated by a stochastic approximation (SA) algorithm under a contractive operator with respect to some arbitrary norm (for example, the $\ell_\infty$-norm). We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Zaiwei Chen , Siva Theja Maguluri , Martin Zubeldia

We study stochastic approximation procedures for approximately solving a $d$-dimensional linear fixed point equation based on observing a trajectory of length $n$ from an ergodic Markov chain. We first exhibit a non-asymptotic bound of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-14 Wenlong Mou , Ashwin Pananjady , Martin J. Wainwright , Peter L. Bartlett

Motivated by applications in large-scale and multi-agent reinforcement learning, we study the non-asymptotic performance of stochastic approximation (SA) schemes with delayed updates under Markovian sampling. While the effect of delays has…

We propose a stochastic approximation (SA) based method with randomization of samples for policy evaluation using the least squares temporal difference (LSTD) algorithm. Our proposed scheme is equivalent to running regular temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 L. A. Prashanth , Nathaniel Korda , Rémi Munos

Two timescale stochastic approximation (SA) has been widely used in value-based reinforcement learning algorithms. In the policy evaluation setting, it can model the linear and nonlinear temporal difference learning with gradient correction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Tengyu Xu , Yingbin Liang

In this paper we consider the problem of obtaining sharp bounds for the performance of temporal difference (TD) methods with linear function approximation for policy evaluation in discounted Markov decision processes. We show that a simple…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-18 Sergey Samsonov , Daniil Tiapkin , Alexey Naumov , Eric Moulines

Multi-time-scale stochastic approximation is an iterative algorithm for finding the fixed point of a set of $N$ coupled operators given their noisy samples. It has been observed that due to the coupling between the decision variables and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Sihan Zeng , Thinh T. Doan

Stochastic approximation (SA) is a powerful class of iterative algorithms for nonlinear root-finding that can be used for minimizing a loss function, $L(\boldsymbol{\theta})$, with respect to a parameter vector $\boldsymbol{\theta}$, when…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-24 Karla Hernández Cuevas

This paper provides a non-asymptotic analysis of linear stochastic approximation (LSA) algorithms with fixed stepsize. This family of methods arises in many machine learning tasks and is used to obtain approximate solutions of a linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-03 Alain Durmus , Eric Moulines , Alexey Naumov , Sergey Samsonov , Kevin Scaman , Hoi-To Wai

Stochastic approximation (SA) that involves multiple coupled sequences, known as multiple-sequence SA (MSSA), finds diverse applications in the fields of signal processing and machine learning. However, existing theoretical understandings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yue Huang , Zhaoxian Wu , Shiqian Ma , Qing Ling

In this paper, we analyze the finite sample complexity of stochastic system identification using modern tools from machine learning and statistics. An unknown discrete-time linear system evolves over time under Gaussian noise without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Anastasios Tsiamis , George J. Pappas