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Recent advances in Vision Transformers (ViTs) have significantly advanced semantic segmentation performance. However, their adaptation to new target domains remains challenged by distribution shifts, which often disrupt global attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Enming Zhang , Zhengyu Li , Yanru Wu , Jingge Wang , Yang Tan , Guan Wang , Yang Li , Xiaoping Zhang

Discrete image tokenizers have emerged as a key component of modern vision and multimodal systems, providing a sequential interface for transformer-based architectures. However, most existing approaches remain primarily optimized for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Aram Davtyan , Yusuf Sahin , Yasaman Haghighi , Sebastian Stapf , Pablo Acuaviva , Alexandre Alahi , Paolo Favaro

Masked image modeling (MIM) has become a prevalent pre-training setup for vision foundation models and attains promising performance. Despite its success, existing MIM methods discard the decoder network during downstream applications,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Qi Han , Yuxuan Cai , Xiangyu Zhang

Understanding whether self-supervised learning methods can scale with unlimited data is crucial for training large-scale models. In this work, we conduct an empirical study on the scaling capability of masked image modeling (MIM) methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Cheng-Ze Lu , Xiaojie Jin , Qibin Hou , Jun Hao Liew , Ming-Ming Cheng , Jiashi Feng

Spatially dense self-supervised learning is a rapidly growing problem domain with promising applications for unsupervised segmentation and pretraining for dense downstream tasks. Despite the abundance of temporal data in the form of videos,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Mohammadreza Salehi , Efstratios Gavves , Cees G. M. Snoek , Yuki M. Asano

This paper enhances image-GPT (iGPT), one of the pioneering works that introduce autoregressive pretraining to predict the next pixels for visual representation learning. Two simple yet essential changes are made. First, we shift the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Sucheng Ren , Zeyu Wang , Hongru Zhu , Junfei Xiao , Alan Yuille , Cihang Xie

Masked image modeling (MIM) has attracted much research attention due to its promising potential for learning scalable visual representations. In typical approaches, models usually focus on predicting specific contents of masked patches,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Haochen Wang , Kaiyou Song , Junsong Fan , Yuxi Wang , Jin Xie , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Vision transformers have achieved leading performance on various visual tasks yet still suffer from high computational complexity. The situation deteriorates in dense prediction tasks like semantic segmentation, as high-resolution inputs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Quan Tang , Bowen Zhang , Jiajun Liu , Fagui Liu , Yifan Liu

Attention is sparse in vision transformers. We observe the final prediction in vision transformers is only based on a subset of most informative tokens, which is sufficient for accurate image recognition. Based on this observation, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Yongming Rao , Wenliang Zhao , Benlin Liu , Jiwen Lu , Jie Zhou , Cho-Jui Hsieh

We show how bidirectional transformers trained for masked token prediction can be applied to neural image compression to achieve state-of-the-art results. Such models were previously used for image generation by progressivly sampling groups…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-18 Fabian Mentzer , Eirikur Agustsson , Michael Tschannen

The scarcity of annotated data in specialized domains such as medical imaging presents significant challenges to training robust vision models. While self-supervised masked image modeling (MIM) offers a promising solution, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ruilang Wang , Shuotong Xu , Bowen Liu , Runlin Huang , Donglong Chen , Weifeng Su

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs) for language modeling. However, MDMs are known to learn substantially more slowly than ARMs, which may become problematic when scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chunsan Hong , Sanghyun Lee , Chieh-Hsin Lai , Satoshi Hayakawa , Yuhta Takida , Yuki Mitsufuji , Seungryong Kim , Jong Chul Ye

Vision Transformers (ViT) have achieved remarkable success in large-scale image recognition. They split every 2D image into a fixed number of patches, each of which is treated as a token. Generally, representing an image with more tokens…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Yulin Wang , Rui Huang , Shiji Song , Zeyi Huang , Gao Huang

Masked language modeling has become a standard pretraining objective for training encoder-based language models. In this approach, certain tokens in the input are masked, and the model learns to predict them using the surrounding context.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Gokul Srinivasagan , Kai Hartung , Munir Georges

The self-supervised Masked Image Modeling (MIM) schema, following "mask-and-reconstruct" pipeline of recovering contents from masked image, has recently captured the increasing interest in the multimedia community, owing to the excellent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Hao Liu , Xinghua Jiang , Xin Li , Antai Guo , Deqiang Jiang , Bo Ren

Recent advancements in imitation learning have led to transformer-based behavior foundation models (BFMs) that enable multi-modal, human-like control for humanoid agents. While excelling at zero-shot generation of robust behaviors, BFMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Ron Vainshtein , Zohar Rimon , Shie Mannor , Chen Tessler

Visual SLAM - Simultaneous Localization and Mapping - in dynamic environments typically relies on identifying and masking image features on moving objects to prevent them from negatively affecting performance. Current approaches are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Adrian Bojko , Romain Dupont , Mohamed Tamaazousti , Hervé Le Borgne

Unified models aim to support both understanding and generation by encoding images into discrete tokens and processing them alongside text within a single autoregressive framework. This unified design offers architectural simplicity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziyao Wang , Chen Chen , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhuang , Jiabo Huang , Ang Li , Lingjuan Lyu

With the advancement of drone technology, the volume of video data increases rapidly, creating an urgent need for efficient semantic retrieval. We are the first to systematically propose and study the drone video-text retrieval (DVTR) task.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jinghao Huang , Yaxiong Chen , Ganchao Liu

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive models, enabling parallel token generation while achieving competitive performance. Despite these advantages, MDMs face a fundamental limitation: once…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yair Schiff , Omer Belhasin , Roy Uziel , Guanghan Wang , Marianne Arriola , Gilad Turok , Michael Elad , Volodymyr Kuleshov