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The double torus provides a relativistic model for a closed 2D cosmos with topology of genus 2 and constant negative curvature. Its unfolding into an octagon extends to an octagonal tessellation of its universal covering, the hyperbolic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 P. Kramer , M. Lorente

This paper views the honeycomb conjecture and the Kepler problem essentially as extreme value problems and solves them by partitioning 2-space and 3-space into building blocks and determining those blocks that have the universal extreme…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2009-07-27 Fu-Gao Song , Francis Austin

This work arose from efforts to generalise the usual cubical boundary by using different 'weights' for opposite faces, but still to obtain a chain complex, and this method was found to generalise. We describe a variant of the classical…

K-Theory and Homology · Mathematics 2014-02-17 Volker W. Thürey

Let $Q_n = \{0, 1\}^n$ be a hypercube graph. The initial segment $I_k \subseteq Q_n$ is the subset consisting of the first $k$ vertices of $Q_n$ in the binary order. A pair of integers $(a, b) \in \mathbb{Z}_{>0}^2$ is said to be fit if,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-13 Ethan Soloway , Megan Triplett , Wenshi Zhao

Since its formulation, Tur\'an's hypergraph problems have been among the most challenging open problems in extremal combinatorics. One of them is the following: given a $3$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal{F}$ on $n$ vertices in which any five…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-24 Peter Frankl , Hao Huang , Vojtěch Rödl

We show that for each $k\geq 4$ and $n>r\geq k+1$, every $n$-vertex $r$-uniform hypergraph with no Berge cycle of length at least $k$ has at most $\frac{(k-1)(n-1)}{r}$ edges. The bound is exact, and we describe the extremal hypergraphs.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-13 Alexandr Kostochka , Ruth Luo

We study minimum degree conditions for which a graph with given odd girth has a simple structure. For example, the classical work of Andr\'asfai, Erd\H os, and S\'os implies that every $n$-vertex graph with odd girth $2k+1$ and minimum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-03-15 Silvia Messuti , Mathias Schacht

We exploit three classical characterizations of smooth genus two curves to study their tropical and analytic counterparts. First, we provide a combinatorial rule to determine the dual graph of each algebraic curve and the metric structure…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2018-10-25 Maria Angelica Cueto , Hannah Markwig

We develop some tools, of an algebraic and combinatorial nature, which enable us to obtain a detailed description of certain quadratic subgroups of the (outer) reduced Weyl group of the Cuntz algebra ${\mathcal O}_n$. In particular, for…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Francesco Brenti , Roberto Conti , Gleb Nenashev

In this note, we prove several Tur\'an-type results on geometric hypergraphs. The two main theorems are 1) Every $n$-vertex geometric 3-hypergraph in 2-space with no three strongly crossing edges has at most $O(n^2)$ edges, 2) Every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Andrew Suk

We give a new proof of the theorem of Birman-Powell that the Torelli subgroup of the mapping class group of a closed orientable surface of genus at least 3 is generated by simple homeomorphisms known as bounding pair maps. The key…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-02-29 Allen Hatcher , Dan Margalit

We prove that every cyclically 4-edge-connected cubic graph that can be embedded in the torus, with the exceptional graph class called "Petersen-like", is 3-edge-colorable. This means every (non-trivial) toroidal snark can be obtained from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Yuta Inoue , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi , Atsuyuki Miyashita , Bojan Mohar , Tomohiro Sonobe

The Tur\'an hypergraph problem asks to find the maximum number of $r$-edges in a $r$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices that does not contain a clique of size $a$. When $r=2$, i.e., for graphs, the answer is well-known and can be found in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-14 Annie Raymond

Let $G$ be a plane elementary bipartite graph whose infinite face is forcing. We provide a bijection between the set of maximal hypercubes of its resonance graph and the set of maximal resonant sets of $G$, which generalizes a main result…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Simon Brezovnik , Zhongyuan Che , Niko Tratnik , Petra Žigert Pleteršek

Luo and Tan gave a new identity for hyperbolic surfaces with/without geodesic boundary in terms of dilogarithms of the lengths of simple closed geodesics on embedded three-holed spheres or one-holed tori. However, the identity was trivial…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-05-17 Hengnan Hu , Ser-Peow Tan

A number of years ago, Kumar Murty pointed out to me that the computation of the fundamental group of a Hilbert modular surface ([7],IV,${\S}$6), and the computation of the congruence subgroup kernel of SL(2) ([6]) were surprisingly…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-08-02 John Scherk

Loebl, Koml\'os and S\'os conjectured that every $n$-vertex graph $G$ with at least $n/2$ vertices of degree at least $k$ contains each tree $T$ of order $k+1$ as a subgraph. We give a sketch of a proof of the approximate version of this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-31 Jan Hladky , Diana Piguet , Miklos Simonovits , Maya Stein , Endre Szemeredi

In this paper, a complete classification of finite simple cubic vertex-transitive graphs of girth $6$ is obtained. It is proved that every such graph, with the exception of the Desargues graph on $20$ vertices, is either a skeleton of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-06 Primož Potočnik , Janoš Vidali

A Hamiltonian embedding is an embedding of a graph $G$ such that the boundary of each face is a Hamiltonian cycle of $G$. It is shown that the hypercube graph $Q_n$ admits such an embedding on an orientable surface when $n$ is a power of 2.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-28 Richard Leyland

We study random 2-dimensional complexes in the Linial - Meshulam model and find torsion in their fundamental groups at various regimes. We find a simple algorithmically testable criterion for a subcomplex of a random 2-complex to be…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2014-06-24 A. E. Costa , M. Farber