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The pre-trained foundation models (PFMs) have become essential for facilitating large-scale multimodal learning. Researchers have effectively employed the ``pre-train, prompt, and predict'' paradigm through prompt learning to induce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Xiang Chen , Yixin Ou , Quan Feng , Lei Li , Piji Li , Haibo Ye , Sheng-Jun Huang , Shuofei Qiao , Shumin Deng , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Advancements in deep learning have significantly improved model performance across tasks involving code, text, and image processing. However, these models still exhibit notable mispredictions in real-world applications, even when trained on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Ravishka Rathnasuriya

Pre-trained language models (e.g. BART) have shown impressive results when fine-tuned on large summarization datasets. However, little is understood about this fine-tuning process, including what knowledge is retained from pre-training time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Tanya Goyal , Jiacheng Xu , Junyi Jessy Li , Greg Durrett

While large-scale video diffusion models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in generating high-resolution and semantically rich content, a significant gap remains between their pretraining performance and real-world deployment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zeyue Xue , Siming Fu , Jie Huang , Shuai Lu , Haoran Li , Yijun Liu , Yuming Li , Xiaoxuan He , Mengzhao Chen , Haoyang Huang , Nan Duan , Ping Luo

The impressive capabilities of recent language models can be largely attributed to the multi-trillion token pretraining datasets that they are trained on. However, model developers fail to disclose their construction methodology which has…

Pretraining is a popular and powerful paradigm in machine learning to pass information from one model to another. As an example, suppose one has a modest-sized dataset of images of cats and dogs, and plans to fit a deep neural network to…

Loading models pre-trained on the large-scale corpus in the general domain and fine-tuning them on specific downstream tasks is gradually becoming a paradigm in Natural Language Processing. Previous investigations prove that introducing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Yao Qiu , Jinchao Zhang , Jie Zhou

In this work, we present a general framework for continual learning of sequentially arrived tasks with the use of pre-training, which has emerged as a promising direction for artificial intelligence systems to accommodate real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Liyuan Wang , Jingyi Xie , Xingxing Zhang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

The pretrain-finetune paradigm has shown outstanding performance on many applications of deep learning, where a model is pre-trained on a upstream large dataset (e.g. ImageNet), and is then fine-tuned to different downstream tasks. Though…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yutong Feng , Jianwen Jiang , Mingqian Tang , Rong Jin , Yue Gao

Whilst computer vision models built using self-supervised approaches are now commonplace, some important questions remain. Do self-supervised models learn highly redundant channel features? What if a self-supervised network could…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Tarun Krishna , Ayush K. Rai , Yasser A. D. Djilali , Alan F. Smeaton , Kevin McGuinness , Noel E. O'Connor

Pre-trained models exhibit strong generalization to various downstream tasks. However, given the numerous models available in the model hub, identifying the most suitable one by individually fine-tuning is time-consuming. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Tengxue Zhang , Biao Ouyang , Yang Shu , Xinyang Chen , Chenjuan Guo , Bin Yang

Given that natural language serves as the primary conduit for expressing thoughts and emotions, text analysis has become a key technique in psychological research. It enables the extraction of valuable insights from natural language,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Yu Wang , Wen Qu

Recent advances in unsupervised learning have shown that unsupervised pre-training, followed by fine-tuning, can improve model generalization. However, a rigorous understanding of how the representation function learned on an unlabeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yuyang Deng , Junyuan Hong , Jiayu Zhou , Mehrdad Mahdavi

Self-supervised learning has emerged as a method for utilizing massive unlabeled data for pre-training models, providing an effective feature extractor for various mobile sensing applications. However, when deployed to end-users, these…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-21 Hyungjun Yoon , Jaehyun Kwak , Biniyam Aschalew Tolera , Gaole Dai , Mo Li , Taesik Gong , Kimin Lee , Sung-Ju Lee

As machine learning gets adopted into the industry quickly, trustworthiness is increasingly in focus. Yet, efficiency and sustainability of robust training pipelines still have to be established. In this work, we consider a simple pipeline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Benedict Gerlach , Marie Anastacio , Holger H. Hoos

Many real-world decision processes are modeled by optimization problems whose defining parameters are unknown and must be inferred from observable data. The Predict-Then-Optimize framework uses machine learning models to predict unknown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 James Kotary , Vincenzo Di Vito , Jacob Christopher , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Ferdinando Fioretto

Retrosynthesis is a problem to infer reactant compounds to synthesize a given product compound through chemical reactions. Recent studies on retrosynthesis focus on proposing more sophisticated prediction models, but the dataset to feed the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Katsuhiko Ishiguro , Kazuya Ujihara , Ryohto Sawada , Hirotaka Akita , Masaaki Kotera

Preprocessing pipelines in deep learning aim to provide sufficient data throughput to keep the training processes busy. Maximizing resource utilization is becoming more challenging as the throughput of training processes increases with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Alexander Isenko , Ruben Mayer , Jeffrey Jedele , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Commonsense reasoning benchmarks have been largely solved by fine-tuning language models. The downside is that fine-tuning may cause models to overfit to task-specific data and thereby forget their knowledge gained during pre-training.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Kaixin Ma , Filip Ilievski , Jonathan Francis , Satoru Ozaki , Eric Nyberg , Alessandro Oltramari

Recent studies on pre-trained vision/language models have demonstrated the practical benefit of a new, promising solution-building paradigm in AI where models can be pre-trained on broad data describing a generic task space and then adapted…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Ziqian Lin , Hao Ding , Nghia Trong Hoang , Branislav Kveton , Anoop Deoras , Hao Wang