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A formalism is provided to calculate tree amplitudes in open superstring theory for any multiplicity at any order in the inverse string tension. We point out that the underlying world-sheet disk integrals share substantial properties with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-10-10 Johannes Broedel , Oliver Schlotterer , Stephan Stieberger

These lectures are centred around tree-level scattering amplitudes in pure Yang-Mills theories, the most prominent example is given by the tree-level gluon amplitudes of QCD. I will discuss several ways of computing these amplitudes,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-01-23 Stefan Weinzierl

The simplicity and hidden symmetries of (Super) Yang-Mills and (Super)Gravity scattering amplitudes suggest the existence of a "weak-weak" dual formulation in which these structures are made manifest at the expense of manifest locality. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-13 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Freddy Cachazo , Clifford Cheung , Jared Kaplan

We propose a new form of the colour-kinematics/double-copy duality for heavy-mass effective field theories, which we apply to construct compact expressions for tree amplitudes with heavy matter particles in Yang-Mills and in gravity to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-28 Andreas Brandhuber , Gang Chen , Gabriele Travaglini , Congkao Wen

We compute two infinite series of tree-level amplitudes with a massive scalar pair and an arbitrary number of gluons. We provide results for amplitudes where all gluons have identical helicity, and amplitudes with one gluon of opposite…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Darren Forde , David A. Kosower

In this paper, we demonstrate that the factorizations for tree amplitudes in the double-cover framework, for various theories, can be generated from the gravity amplitude in the double-cover prescription. Using our method, the factorized…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-14 Kang Zhou

The calculation of scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory at loop level is important for the analysis of background processes at particle colliders as well as our understanding of perturbation theory at the quantum level. We present…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-30 Rutger H. Boels , Reinke Sven Isermann

We elaborate the two-fold simplex-like structures of tree amplitudes in planar maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills (N=4 SYM), through its connection to a mathematical structure known as the positive Grassmannian. Exploiting the reduced…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-23 Junjie Rao

Tree-level amplitudes of gauge theories are expressed in a basis of auxiliary amplitudes with only cubic vertices. The vertices in this formalism are explicitly factorized in color and kinematics, clarifying the color-kinematics duality in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-04 N. E. J. Bjerrum-Bohr , Poul H. Damgaard , Ricardo Monteiro , Donal O'Connell

We expose a double-copy structure in the scattering amplitudes of the generic Jordan family of N=2 Maxwell-Einstein and Yang-Mills/Einstein supergravity theories in four and five dimensions. The Maxwell-Einstein supergravity amplitudes are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-22 Marco Chiodaroli , Murat Gunaydin , Henrik Johansson , Radu Roiban

In this paper, we have introduced a fundamentally different approach, based on a bottom-up methodology, to expand tree-level Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes into Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) amplitudes and Bi-adjoint-scalar (BAS) amplitudes. Our…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Chang Hu , Kang Zhou

In this letter we derive new expressions for tree-level graviton amplitudes in $\mathcal{N}=8$ supergravity from BCFW recursion relations combined with new types of bonus relations. These bonus relations go beyond the famous $1/z^2$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-09-13 Shruti Paranjape , Jaroslav Trnka

In this paper, we give the general expressions for a special series of tree amplitudes of the Yang-Mills theory. This series of amplitudes have two adjacent massless spin-1 particles with extra-dimensional momenta and any number of positive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-10-08 Yang An , Yi Li

We apply the matrix-tree theorem to establish a link between various diagrammatic and determinant expressions, which naturally appear in scattering amplitudes of gravity theories. Using this link we are able to give a general…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-05 Bo Feng , Song He

We review two novel techniques used to calculate tree-level scattering amplitudes efficiently: MHV diagrams, and on-shell recursion relations. For the MHV diagrams, we consider applications to tree-level amplitudes and focus in particular…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-27 Andreas Brandhuber , Bill Spence , Gabriele Travaglini

In this article we review, for a mathematical audience, the computation of (tree-level) scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory in detail, in order to bridge the gap in understanding of the subject between mathematicians and physicists.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-25 Shounak De , Dmitrii Pavlov , Marcus Spradlin , Anastasia Volovich

Tree-level scattering amplitudes in planar N=4 super Yang-Mills are known to be Yangian-invariant. It has been shown that integrability allows to obtain a general, explicit method to find such invariants. The uplifting of this result to the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-02 Livia Ferro , Tomasz Lukowski , Andrea Orta , Matteo Parisi

We present a new formulation for Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes in any number of dimensions and at any loop order, based on the same combinatorial and binary-geometric ideas in kinematic space recently used to give an all-order…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-05-02 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Qu Cao , Jin Dong , Carolina Figueiredo , Song He

We present new formulas for $n$-particle tree-level scattering amplitudes of six-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(1,1)$ super Yang-Mills (SYM) and $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ supergravity (SUGRA). They are written as integrals over the moduli space of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-10-03 Freddy Cachazo , Alfredo Guevara , Matthew Heydeman , Sebastian Mizera , John H. Schwarz , Congkao Wen

It is well-known that perturbative calculations in field theory can lead to far simpler answers than the Feynman diagram approach might suggest. In some cases scattering amplitudes can be constructed for processes with any desired number of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-10-31 James Bedford