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Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) is the basis of many applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Our system combines convolution and recurrent neural networks to measure the semantic similarity of sentences. It uses a convolution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Elvys Linhares Pontes , Stéphane Huet , Andréa Carneiro Linhares , Juan-Manuel Torres-Moreno

The processing of legal texts has been developing as an emerging field in natural language processing (NLP). Legal texts contain unique jargon and complex linguistic attributes in vocabulary, semantics, syntax, and morphology. Therefore,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Mert Cemri , Tolga Çukur , Aykut Koç

We present VietNormalizer1, an open-source, zero-dependency Python library for Vietnamese text normalization targeting Text-to-Speech (TTS) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. Vietnamese text normalization is a critical yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Hung Vu Nguyen , Loan Do , Thanh Ngoc Nguyen , Ushik Shrestha Khwakhali , Thanh Pham , Vinh Do , Charlotte Nguyen , Hien Nguyen

Everyone wants to write beautiful and correct text, yet the lack of language skills, experience, or hasty typing can result in errors. By employing the recent advances in transformer architectures, we construct a grammatical error…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Lukas Stankevičius , Mantas Lukoševičius

Lexical normalisation (LN) is the process of correcting each word in a dataset to its canonical form so that it may be more easily and more accurately analysed. Most lexical normalisation systems operate at the character-level, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Michael Stewart , Wei Liu , Rachel Cardell-Oliver

Lemmatization is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique used to normalize text by changing morphological derivations of words to their root forms. It is used as a core pre-processing step in many NLP tasks including text indexing,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Shafie Abdi Mohamed , Muhidin Abdullahi Mohamed

We propose a theoretical framework for thinking about score normalization, which confirms that normalization is not needed under (admittedly fragile) ideal conditions. If, however, these conditions are not met, e.g. under data-set shift…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-29 Albert Swart , Niko Brummer

Text classification is one of the most widely studied tasks in natural language processing. Motivated by the principle of compositionality, large multilayer neural network models have been employed for this task in an attempt to effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Devendra Singh Sachan , Manzil Zaheer , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

The grammars of natural languages may be learned by using genetic algorithms that reproduce and mutate grammatical rules and part-of-speech tags, improving the quality of later generations of grammatical components. Syntactic rules are…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Robert M. Losee

Linguistic evaluations of how well LMs generalize to produce or understand language often implicitly take for granted that natural languages are generated by symbolic rules. According to this perspective, grammaticality is determined by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Leonie Weissweiler , Kyle Mahowald , Adele Goldberg

Text normalization (TN) and inverse text normalization (ITN) are essential preprocessing and postprocessing steps for text-to-speech synthesis and automatic speech recognition, respectively. Many methods have been proposed for either TN or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Tuan Manh Lai , Yang Zhang , Evelina Bakhturina , Boris Ginsburg , Heng Ji

The detection and normalization of temporal expressions is an important task and preprocessing step for many applications. However, prior work on normalization is rule-based, which severely limits the applicability in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Lukas Lange , Jannik Strötgen , Heike Adel , Dietrich Klakow

Current approaches for service composition (assemblies of atomic services) require developers to use: (a) domain-specific semantics to formalize services that restrict the vocabulary for their descriptions, and (b) translation mechanisms…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Oscar J. Romero , Ankit Dangi , Sushma A. Akoju

With the rise of globalisation, code-switching (CSW) has become a ubiquitous part of multilingual conversation, posing new challenges for natural language processing (NLP), especially in Grammatical Error Correction (GEC). This work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Tom Potter , Zheng Yuan

Estimating the semantic similarity between text data is one of the challenging and open research problems in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). The versatility of natural language makes it difficult to define rule-based methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Dhivya Chandrasekaran , Vijay Mago

Regularization of neural machine translation is still a significant problem, especially in low-resource settings. To mollify this problem, we propose regressing word embeddings (ReWE) as a new regularization technique in a system that is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Inigo Jauregi Unanue , Ehsan Zare Borzeshi , Nazanin Esmaili , Massimo Piccardi

Natural language understanding systems struggle with low-resource languages, including many dialects of high-resource ones. Dialect-to-standard normalization attempts to tackle this issue by transforming dialectal text so that it can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Antonios Dimakis , John Pavlopoulos , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Inverse text normalization (ITN) is used to convert the spoken form output of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system to a written form. Traditional handcrafted ITN rules can be complex to transcribe and maintain. Meanwhile neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Laxmi Pandey , Debjyoti Paul , Pooja Chitkara , Yutong Pang , Xuedong Zhang , Kjell Schubert , Mark Chou , Shu Liu , Yatharth Saraf

Inverse text normalization (ITN) is an essential post-processing step in automatic speech recognition (ASR). It converts numbers, dates, abbreviations, and other semiotic classes from the spoken form generated by ASR to their written forms.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Alexandra Antonova , Evelina Bakhturina , Boris Ginsburg

Short text clustering is a known use case in the text analytics community. When the structure and content falls in the natural language domain e.g. Twitter posts or instant messages, then natural language techniques can be used, provided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Thanasis Schoinas , Benjamin Guinard , Diba Esbati , Richard Chalk