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Role-Playing Agents (RPAs), benefiting from large language models, is an emerging interactive AI system that simulates roles or characters with diverse personalities. However, existing methods primarily focus on mimicking dialogues among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Haonan Zhang , Run Luo , Xiong Liu , Yuchuan Wu , Ting-En Lin , Pengpeng Zeng , Qiang Qu , Feiteng Fang , Min Yang , Lianli Gao , Jingkuan Song , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Inferring the abstract relational and causal structure of the world is a major challenge for reinforcement-learning (RL) agents. For humans, language--particularly in the form of explanations--plays a considerable role in overcoming this…

Interactive large language model agents have advanced rapidly, but most remain specialized to a single environment and fail to adapt robustly to other environments. Model merging offers a training-free alternative by integrating multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhuoka Feng , Kang Chen , Sihan Zhao , Kai Xiong , Yaoning Wang , Minshen Yu , Junjie Nian , Changyi Xiao , Yixin Cao , Yugang Jiang

LLM-based Interactive Drama introduces a novel dialogue scenario in which the player immerses into a character and engages in a dramatic story by interacting with LLM agents. Despite the fact that this emerging area holds significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Tianyang Xu , Hongqiu Wu , Weiqi Wu , Hai Zhao

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly improved through interaction, yet most self-evolution methods adapt either the policy or the learning environment in isolation. We identify this structural gap as \emph{Agent-Environment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yihao Hu , Zhihao Wen , Xiujin Liu , Pan Wang , Xin Zhang , Wei Wu

Proactive large language model (LLM) agents aim to actively plan, query, and interact over multiple turns, enabling efficient task completion beyond passive instruction following and making them essential for real-world, user-centric…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yihang Yao , Zhepeng Cen , Haohong Lin , Shiqi Liu , Zuxin Liu , Jiacheng Zhu , Zhang-Wei Hong , Laixi Shi , Ding Zhao

Autonomous agents empowered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have undergone significant improvements, enabling them to generalize across a broad spectrum of tasks. However, in real-world scenarios, cooperation among individuals is often…

While Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents can be used to create highly engaging interactive applications through prompting personality traits and contextual data, effectively assessing their personalities has proven challenging. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Eswari Jayakumar , Niladri Sekhar Dash , Debasmita Mukherjee

Building a dialogue system that can communicate naturally with humans is a challenging yet interesting problem of agent-based computing. The rapid growth in this area is usually hindered by the long-standing problem of data scarcity as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Munazza Zaib , Quan Z. Sheng , Wei Emma Zhang

Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) are increasingly used to simulate social interactions, but most of the frameworks miss the underlying cognitive complexity of human behavior. In this paper, we introduce Trans-ACT (Transactional Analysis Cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Monika Zamojska , Jarosław A. Chudziak

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a popular interface for human-AI interaction, supporting information seeking and task assistance through natural, multi-turn dialogue. To respond to users within multi-turn dialogues, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Fengran Mo , Yifan Gao , Sha Li , Hansi Zeng , Xin Liu , Zhaoxuan Tan , Xian Li , Jianshu Chen , Dakuo Wang , Meng Jiang

AI agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advances, enabling them to assist humans in diverse complex tasks and leading to a revolution in human-AI coordination. LLM-powered agents typically require invoking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Jijia Liu , Chao Yu , Jiaxuan Gao , Yuqing Xie , Qingmin Liao , Yi Wu , Yu Wang

Multi-turn intent classification is notably challenging due to the complexity and evolving nature of conversational contexts. This paper introduces LARA, a Linguistic-Adaptive Retrieval-Augmentation framework to enhance accuracy in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Junhua Liu , Yong Keat Tan , Bin Fu , Kwan Hui Lim

This paper introduces RAISE (Reasoning and Acting through Scratchpad and Examples), an advanced architecture enhancing the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 into conversational agents. RAISE, an enhancement of the ReAct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Na Liu , Liangyu Chen , Xiaoyu Tian , Wei Zou , Kaijiang Chen , Ming Cui

Open-sourced Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved great success in various NLP tasks, however, they are still far inferior to API-based models when acting as agents. How to integrate agent ability into general LLMs becomes a crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Zehui Chen , Kuikun Liu , Qiuchen Wang , Wenwei Zhang , Jiangning Liu , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen , Feng Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) show significant potential in economic and strategic interactions, where communication via natural language is often prevalent. This raises key questions: Do LLMs behave rationally? How do they perform compared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Eilam Shapira , Omer Madmon , Itamar Reinman , Samuel Joseph Amouyal , Roi Reichart , Moshe Tennenholtz

Reinforcement learning agents deployed in the real world often have to cope with partially observable environments. Therefore, most agents employ memory mechanisms to approximate the state of the environment. Recently, there have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Fabian Paischer , Thomas Adler , Markus Hofmarcher , Sepp Hochreiter

We are increasingly surrounded by artificially intelligent technology that takes decisions and executes actions on our behalf. This creates a pressing need for general means to communicate with, instruct and guide artificial agents, with…

The language generation and reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have enabled conversational systems with impressive performance in a variety of tasks, from code generation, to composing essays, to passing STEM and legal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Konstantina Christakopoulou , Iris Qu , John Canny , Andrew Goodridge , Cj Adams , Minmin Chen , Maja Matarić

The development of sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) conversational agents based on large language models raises important questions about the relationship between human norms, values, and practices and AI design and performance.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Rachel Katharine Sterken , James Ravi Kirkpatrick