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Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in fine-grained visual understanding across a range of tasks. However, they often encounter significant challenges due to inadequate alignment for fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Wei Wang , Zhaowei Li , Qi Xu , Linfeng Li , YiQing Cai , Botian Jiang , Hang Song , Xingcan Hu , Pengyu Wang , Li Xiao

Distributional semantic models capture word-level meaning that is useful in many natural language processing tasks and have even been shown to capture cognitive aspects of word meaning. The majority of these models are purely text based,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Danny Merkx , Stefan L. Frank , Mirjam Ernestus

Visual grounding is a task that aims to locate a target object according to a natural language expression. As a multi-modal task, feature interaction between textual and visual inputs is vital. However, previous solutions mainly handle each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Chonghan Chen , Qi Jiang , Chih-Hao Wang , Noel Chen , Haohan Wang , Xiang Li , Bhiksha Raj

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive progress in single-image grounding and general multi-image understanding. Recently, some methods begin to address multi-image grounding. However, they are constrained by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Shurong Zheng , Yousong Zhu , Hongyin Zhao , Fan Yang , Yufei Zhan , Ming Tang , Jinqiao Wang

Vision-language models such as CLIP have shown impressive capabilities in encoding texts and images into aligned embeddings, enabling the retrieval of multimodal data in a shared embedding space. However, these embedding-based models still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Timothy Ossowski , Ming Jiang , Junjie Hu

Multimodal embeddings aim to enrich the semantic information in neural representations of language compared to text-only models. While different embeddings exhibit different applicability and performance on downstream tasks, little is known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Aleksey Tikhonov , Lisa Bylinina , Denis Paperno

Visual grounding has attracted wide attention thanks to its broad application in various visual language tasks. Although visual grounding has made significant research progress, existing methods ignore the promotion effect of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Minghong Xie , Mengzhao Wang , Huafeng Li , Yafei Zhang , Dapeng Tao , Zhengtao Yu

We address the problem of phrase grounding by lear ing a multi-level common semantic space shared by the textual and visual modalities. We exploit multiple levels of feature maps of a Deep Convolutional Neural Network, as well as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Hassan Akbari , Svebor Karaman , Surabhi Bhargava , Brian Chen , Carl Vondrick , Shih-Fu Chang

Visual Grounding (VG) methods in Visual Question Answering (VQA) attempt to improve VQA performance by strengthening a model's reliance on question-relevant visual information. The presence of such relevant information in the visual input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Daniel Reich , Tanja Schultz

Current large multimodal models (LMMs) face challenges in grounding, which requires the model to relate language components to visual entities. Contrary to the common practice that fine-tunes LMMs with additional grounding supervision, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Shengcao Cao , Liang-Yan Gui , Yu-Xiong Wang

Vision-language pre-training (VLP) on large-scale image-text pairs has achieved huge success for the cross-modal downstream tasks. The most existing pre-training methods mainly adopt a two-step training procedure, which firstly employs a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Haiyang Xu , Ming Yan , Chenliang Li , Bin Bi , Songfang Huang , Wenming Xiao , Fei Huang

There are thousands of actively spoken languages on Earth, but a single visual world. Grounding in this visual world has the potential to bridge the gap between all these languages. Our goal is to use visual grounding to improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Gunnar A. Sigurdsson , Jean-Baptiste Alayrac , Aida Nematzadeh , Lucas Smaira , Mateusz Malinowski , João Carreira , Phil Blunsom , Andrew Zisserman

Multi-task visual grounding (MTVG) includes two sub-tasks, i.e., Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) and Referring Expression Segmentation (RES). The existing representative approaches generally follow the research pipeline which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Jingchao Wang , Hong Wang , Wenlong Zhang , Kunhua Ji , Dingjiang Huang , Yefeng Zheng

The visual world offers a critical axis for advancing foundation models beyond language. Despite growing interest in this direction, the design space for native multimodal models remains opaque. We provide empirical clarity through…

Referring expression grounding aims at locating certain objects or persons in an image with a referring expression, where the key challenge is to comprehend and align various types of information from visual and textual domain, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Xihui Liu , Zihao Wang , Jing Shao , Xiaogang Wang , Hongsheng Li

Recent advances in fine-tuning multimodal large language models (MLLMs) using reinforcement learning have achieved remarkable progress, particularly with the introduction of various entropy control techniques. However, the role and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Shuo Li , Jiajun Sun , Zhihao Zhang , Xiaoran Fan , Senjie Jin , Hui Li , Yuming Yang , Junjie Ye , Lixing Shen , Tao Ji , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

While large vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly adopted as the perceptual backbone for embodied agents, existing benchmarks often rely on question-answering or multiple-choice formats. These protocols allow models to exploit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haozhe Shan , Xiancong Ren , Han Dong , Haoyuan Shi , Yingji Zhang , Jiayu Hu , Yi Zhang , Yong Dai , Bin Shen , Lizhen Qu , Zenglin Xu , Xiaozhu Ju

Visual grounding is a long-lasting problem in vision-language understanding due to its diversity and complexity. Current practices concentrate mostly on performing visual grounding in still images or well-trimmed video clips. This work, on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Qianyu Feng , Yunchao Wei , Mingming Cheng , Yi Yang

Unlike Object Detection, Visual Grounding task necessitates the detection of an object described by complex free-form language. To simultaneously model such complex semantic and visual representations, recent state-of-the-art studies adopt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Weitai Kang , Luowei Zhou , Junyi Wu , Changchang Sun , Yan Yan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) extend the success of language models to visual understanding, and recent efforts have sought to build unified MLLMs that support both understanding and generation. However, constructing such models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hanyu Wang , Jiaming Han , Ziyan Yang , Qi Zhao , Shanchuan Lin , Xiangyu Yue , Abhinav Shrivastava , Zhenheng Yang , Hao Chen