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We introduce a structured chain-of-thought (SCoT) prompting approach to generating content-grounded multi-turn question-answer conversations using a pre-trained large language model (LLM). At the core of our proposal is a structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Md Arafat Sultan , Jatin Ganhotra , Ramón Fernandez Astudillo

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) are Large Language Models (LLMs) explicitly trained to generate long-form Chain-of-Thoughts (CoTs), achieving impressive success on challenging tasks like math and programming. However, their underlying…

Recent advancements in reasoning with large language models (RLLMs), such as OpenAI-O1 and DeepSeek-R1, have demonstrated their impressive capabilities in complex domains like mathematics and coding. A central factor in their success lies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Qiguang Chen , Libo Qin , Jinhao Liu , Dengyun Peng , Jiannan Guan , Peng Wang , Mengkang Hu , Yuhang Zhou , Te Gao , Wanxiang Che

Large language models have consistently struggled with complex reasoning tasks, such as mathematical problem-solving. Investigating the internal reasoning mechanisms of these models can help us design better model architectures and training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Zhiwei Wang , Yunji Wang , Zhongwang Zhang , Zhangchen Zhou , Hui Jin , Tianyang Hu , Jiacheng Sun , Zhenguo Li , Yaoyu Zhang , Zhi-Qin John Xu

Large Language Models, such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (aka. GPT-3), have been developed to understand language through the analysis of extensive text data, allowing them to identify patterns and connections between words.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Baphumelele Masikisiki , Vukosi Marivate , Yvette Hlope

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle complex problems, but remains constrained by the computational cost and reasoning path collapse when grounded in discrete token spaces. Recent latent reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jiecong Wang , Hao Peng , Chunyang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on complex tasks through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, conventional CoT relies on explicitly verbalized intermediate steps, which constrains its broader…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xinghao Chen , Anhao Zhao , Heming Xia , Xuan Lu , Hanlin Wang , Yanjun Chen , Wei Zhang , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li , Xiaoyu Shen

Recently, there has been significant progress in teaching language models to perform step-by-step reasoning to solve complex numerical reasoning tasks. Chain-of-thoughts prompting (CoT) is by far the state-of-art method for these tasks. CoT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Wenhu Chen , Xueguang Ma , Xinyi Wang , William W. Cohen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive emergent abilities in a wide range of tasks, but the associated expensive API cost greatly limits the real application. Previous works like chain-of-thought (CoT) and tree-of-thoughts (ToT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Yu Shang , Yu Li , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Chain-of-thought (CoT), tree-of-thought (ToT), and related techniques work surprisingly well in practice for some complex reasoning tasks with Large Language Models (LLMs), but why? This work seeks the underlying reasons by conducting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Liwei Kang , Zirui Zhao , David Hsu , Wee Sun Lee

Multi-step reasoning ability of large language models is crucial in tasks such as math and tool utilization. Current researches predominantly focus on enhancing model performance in these multi-step reasoning tasks through fine-tuning with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Yuli Qiu , Jiashu Yao , Heyan Huang , Yuhang Guo

As multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly applied to complex reasoning tasks, the diversity and quality of reasoning paths become crucial factors affecting their performance. Although current methods aim to enhance…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Biqing Qi , Zhouyi Qian , Yiang Luo , Junqi Gao , Dong Li , Kaiyan Zhang , Bowen Zhou

Strategic reasoning enables agents to cooperate, communicate, and compete with other agents in diverse situations. Existing approaches to solving strategic games rely on extensive training, yielding strategies that do not generalize to new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Kanishk Gandhi , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah D. Goodman

Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex reasoning but can still exhibit harmful behaviors. Current alignment strategies typically embed safety into model weights, making these controls implicit, static, and difficult to modify. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xuanming Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Samuel Yeh , Sharon Li

In information retrieval, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in text reranking tasks by leveraging their sophisticated natural language understanding and advanced reasoning capabilities. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Haowei Liu , Xuyang Wu , Guohao Sun , Zhiqiang Tao , Yi Fang

The table reasoning task, crucial for efficient data acquisition, aims to answer questions based on the given table. Recently, reasoning large language models (RLLMs) with Long Chain-of-Thought (Long CoT) significantly enhance reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xuanliang Zhang , Dingzirui Wang , Keyan Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have highlighted the challenge of handling long-context tasks, where models need to reason over extensive input contexts to aggregate target information. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Dawei Zhu , Xiyu Wei , Guangxiang Zhao , Wenhao Wu , Haosheng Zou , Junfeng Ran , Xun Wang , Lin Sun , Xiangzheng Zhang , Sujian Li

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has exhibited impressive performance in language models for solving complex tasks and answering questions. However, many real-world questions require multi-modal information, such as text and images.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Liqi He , Zuchao Li , Xiantao Cai , Ping Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks but their performance in complex logical reasoning tasks remains unsatisfactory. Although some prompting methods, such as Chain-of-Thought, can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Tongxuan Liu , Wenjiang Xu , Weizhe Huang , Yuting Zeng , Jiaxing Wang , Xingyu Wang , Hailong Yang , Jing Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been touted as AI models possessing advanced reasoning abilities. In theory, autoregressive LLMs with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) can perform more serial computations to solve complex reasoning tasks. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Rishi Hazra , Gabriele Venturato , Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Luc De Raedt
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