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Missing data imputation is a critical challenge in various domains, such as healthcare and finance, where data completeness is vital for accurate analysis. Large language models (LLMs), trained on vast corpora, have shown strong potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Xinrui He , Yikun Ban , Jiaru Zou , Tianxin Wei , Curtiss B. Cook , Jingrui He

Longitudinal studies are frequently used in medical research and involve collecting repeated measures on individuals over time. Observations from the same individual are invariably correlated and thus an analytic approach that accounts for…

Machine learning algorithms permeate the day-to-day aspects of our lives and therefore studying the fairness of these algorithms before implementation is crucial. One way in which bias can manifest in a dataset is through missing values.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-23 Aeysha Bhatti , Trudie Sandrock , Johane Nienkemper-Swanepoel

A common assumption in multimodal learning is the completeness of training data, i.e., full modalities are available in all training examples. Although there exists research endeavor in developing novel methods to tackle the incompleteness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Mengmeng Ma , Jian Ren , Long Zhao , Sergey Tulyakov , Cathy Wu , Xi Peng

Multiple imputation is a well-established general technique for analyzing data with missing values. A convenient way to implement multiple imputation is sequential regression multiple imputation (SRMI), also called chained equations…

In supervised batch learning, the predictive normalized maximum likelihood (pNML) has been proposed as the min-max regret solution for the distribution-free setting, where no distributional assumptions are made on the data. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Koby Bibas , Meir Feder

Classifying samples in incomplete datasets is a common aim for machine learning practitioners, but is non-trivial. Missing data is found in most real-world datasets and these missing values are typically imputed using established methods,…

This paper introduces a novel iterative method for missing data imputation that sequentially reduces the mutual information between data and the corresponding missingness mask. Inspired by GAN-based approaches that train generators to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-26 Jiahao Yu , Qizhen Ying , Leyang Wang , Ziyue Jiang , Song Liu

Imputation methods for dealing with incomplete data typically assume that the missingness mechanism is at random (MAR). These methods can also be applied to missing not at random (MNAR) situations, where the user specifies some adjustment…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-24 Shahab Jolani , Stef van Buuren

This paper presents methods which are aimed at finding approximations to missing data in a dataset by using optimization algorithms to optimize the network parameters after which prediction and classification tasks can be performed. The…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-03-24 Collins Leke , Bhekisipho Twala , T. Marwala

Missing data is a common problem in medical research, and is commonly addressed using multiple imputation. Although traditional imputation methods allow for valid statistical inference when data are missing at random (MAR), their…

Missing data presents a critical challenge in real-world datasets, significantly degrading the performance of machine learning models. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities in tabular data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Hossein Jamali

The problem of monotone missing data has been broadly studied during the last two decades and has many applications in different fields such as bioinformatics or statistics. Commonly used imputation techniques require multiple iterations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Thu Nguyen , Duy H. M. Nguyen , Huy Nguyen , Binh T. Nguyen , Bruce A. Wade

Missing data is a common problem in practical data science settings. Various imputation methods have been developed to deal with missing data. However, even though the labels are available in the training data in many situations, the common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Thu Nguyen , Tuan L. Vo , Pål Halvorsen , Michael A. Riegler

In a world where Machine Learning (ML) is increasingly deployed to support decision-making in critical domains, providing decision-makers with explainable, stable, and relevant inputs becomes fundamental. Understanding how machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Karol Capała , Paulina Tworek , Jose Sousa

In many machine learning applications, we are faced with incomplete datasets. In the literature, missing data imputation techniques have been mostly concerned with filling missing values. However, the existence of missing values is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Mohammad Kachuee , Kimmo Karkkainen , Orpaz Goldstein , Sajad Darabi , Majid Sarrafzadeh

Dealing with missing data poses significant challenges in predictive analysis, often leading to biased conclusions when oversimplified assumptions about the missing data process are made. In cases where the data are missing not at random…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-20 Yong Chen Goh , Wuu Kuang Soh , Andrew C. Parnell , Keefe Murphy

Estimating population quantities such as mean outcomes from user feedback is fundamental to platform evaluation and social science, yet feedback is often missing not at random (MNAR): users with stronger opinions are more likely to respond,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-19 Hongyu Chen , David Simchi-Levi , Ruoxuan Xiong

Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool for tackling complex regression and classification tasks, yet its success often hinges on the quality of training data. This study introduces an ML paradigm inspired by domain knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Mohsen Rashki

Multi-view learning (MVL) leverages multiple sources or views of data to enhance machine learning model performance and robustness. This approach has been successfully used in the Earth Observation (EO) domain, where views have a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Francisco Mena , Diego Arenas , Andreas Dengel