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Related papers: Fast Rerandomization via the BRAIN

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Rerandomization utilizes modern computing ability to improve covariate balance while adhering to the randomization principle originally advocated by RA Fisher. Affinely invariant rerandomization has the ``Equal Percent Variance Reducing''…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-03 Zhen Zhong , Donald B. Rubin

In this review, we present econometric and statistical methods for analyzing randomized experiments. For basic experiments we stress randomization-based inference as opposed to sampling-based inference. In randomization-based inference,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-26 Susan Athey , Guido Imbens

With many pretreatment covariates and treatment factors, the classical factorial experiment often fails to balance covariates across multiple factorial effects simultaneously. Therefore, it is intuitive to restrict the randomization of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-31 Xinran Li , Peng Ding , Donald B. Rubin

Controlled experiments are widely used in many applications to investigate the causal relationship between input factors and experimental outcomes. A completely randomized design is usually used to randomly assign treatment levels to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Yiou Li , Lulu Kang , Xiao Huang

Randomized trials balance all covariates on average and provide the gold standard for estimating treatment effects. Chance imbalances nevertheless exist more or less in realized treatment allocations and intrigue an important question: what…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-18 Anqi Zhao , Peng Ding

Stratification and rerandomization are two well-known methods used in randomized experiments for balancing the baseline covariates. Renowned scholars in experimental design have recommended combining these two methods; however, limited…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-27 Xinhe Wang , Tingyu Wang , Hanzhong Liu

Restricting randomization in the design of experiments (e.g., using blocking/stratification, pair-wise matching, or rerandomization) can improve the treatment-control balance on important covariates and therefore improve the estimation of…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-11-02 Brian Quistorff , Gentry Johnson

The seminal work of Morgan and Rubin (2012) considers rerandomization for all the units at one time. In practice, however, experimenters may have to rerandomize units sequentially. For example, a clinician studying a rare disease may be…

Applications · Statistics 2018-04-17 Quan Zhou , Philip Ernst , Kari Lock Morgan , Donald Rubin , Anru Zhang

We study estimation and inference on causal parameters under finely stratified rerandomization designs, which use baseline covariates to match units into groups (e.g. matched pairs), then rerandomize within-group treatment assignments until…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-01-07 Max Cytrynbaum

In randomized experiments, treatment and control groups should be roughly the same--balanced--in their distributions of pretreatment variables. But how nearly so? Can descriptive comparisons meaningfully be paired with significance tests?…

Methodology · Statistics 2008-08-29 Ben B. Hansen , Jake Bowers

Modern social and biomedical scientific publications require the reporting of covariate balance tables with not only covariate means by treatment group but also the associated $p$-values from significance tests of their differences. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-06 Anqi Zhao , Peng Ding

Randomization testing is a fundamental method in statistics, enabling inferential tasks such as testing for (conditional) independence of random variables, constructing confidence intervals in semiparametric location models, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-21 Yash Nair , Lucas Janson

Randomization inference is a widely-used and appealing approach for analyzing treatment effects in randomized experiments, as it is finite-sample valid and does not require any distributional assumptions. However, naive application of…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-12 Xinran Li , Peizan Sheng , Zeyang Yu

In comparative studies, such as in causal inference and clinical trials, balancing important covariates is often one of the most important concerns for both efficient and credible comparison. However, chance imbalance still exists in many…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-30 Yichen Qin , Yang Li , Wei Ma , Feifang Hu

Matching is a widely used causal inference design that aims to approximate a randomized experiment using observational data by forming matched sets of treated and control units based on similarities in their covariates. Ideally, treated…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-06 Jianan Zhu , Jeffrey Zhang , Zijian Guo , Siyu Heng

A benefit of randomized experiments is that covariate distributions of treatment and control groups are balanced on average, resulting in simple unbiased estimators for treatment effects. However, it is possible that a particular…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-01 Zach Branson , Luke Miratrix

To improve accuracy and speed of regressions and classifications, we present a data-based prediction method, Random Bits Regression (RBR). This method first generates a large number of random binary intermediate/derived features based on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-04 Yi Wang , Yi Li , Momiao Xiong , Li Jin

Causal analyses for observational studies are often complicated by covariate imbalances among treatment groups, and matching methodologies alleviate this complication by finding subsets of treatment groups that exhibit covariate balance. It…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-26 Zach Branson

Probabilistic graphical models are a key tool in machine learning applications. Computing the partition function, i.e., normalizing constant, is a fundamental task of statistical inference but it is generally computationally intractable,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-29 Sungsoo Ahn , Michael Chertkov , Adrian Weller , Jinwoo Shin

Surveys usually suffer from non-response, which decreases the effective sample size. Item non-response is typically handled by means of some form of random imputation if we wish to preserve the distribution of the imputed variable. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-04 Guillaume Chauvet , Wilfried Do Paco