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Pre-training data shapes a language model's quality, but raw web text is noisy and demands careful cleaning. Existing large-scale corpora rely on English-centric or language-agnostic pipelines whose heuristics do not capture Thai script or…

We present The Vault, a dataset of high-quality code-text pairs in multiple programming languages for training large language models to understand and generate code. We present methods for thoroughly extracting samples that use both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Dung Nguyen Manh , Nam Le Hai , Anh T. V. Dau , Anh Minh Nguyen , Khanh Nghiem , Jin Guo , Nghi D. Q. Bui

Current language modeling approaches are built around tokens. Text corpora are split into tokens, and models are trained by performing computations on these tokens, such as predicting the next token given the preceding ones as context. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Elio Musacchio , Lucia Siciliani , Pierpaolo Basile

Generative language models are usually pretrained on large text corpus via predicting the next token (i.e., sub-word/word/phrase) given the previous ones. Recent works have demonstrated the impressive performance of large generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zhenpeng Su , Xing Wu , Xue Bai , Zijia Lin , Hui Chen , Guiguang Ding , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in problem-solving. However, their proficiency in solving mathematical problems remains inadequate. We propose MathScale, a simple and scalable method to create…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Zhengyang Tang , Xingxing Zhang , Benyou Wang , Furu Wei

Tokenization is a foundational step in natural language processing (NLP) tasks, bridging raw text and language models. Existing tokenization approaches like Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) originate from the field of data compression, and it has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Craig W. Schmidt , Varshini Reddy , Haoran Zhang , Alec Alameddine , Omri Uzan , Yuval Pinter , Chris Tanner

Large volumes of text data have contributed significantly to the development of large language models (LLMs) in recent years. This data is typically acquired by scraping the internet, leading to pretraining datasets comprised of noisy web…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Max Marion , Ahmet Üstün , Luiza Pozzobon , Alex Wang , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

In subject-driven text-to-image generation, recent works have achieved superior performance by training the model on synthetic datasets containing numerous image pairs. Trained on these datasets, generative models can produce text-aligned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Yufan Zhou , Ruiyi Zhang , Kaizhi Zheng , Nanxuan Zhao , Jiuxiang Gu , Zichao Wang , Xin Eric Wang , Tong Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success through imitation learning on vast text corpora, but this paradigm creates a training-generation gap and limits robust reasoning. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhepeng Cen , Haolin Chen , Shiyu Wang , Zuxin Liu , Zhiwei Liu , Jielin Qiu , Ding Zhao , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Huan Wang , Weiran Yao

Pre-training on large-scale, high-quality datasets is crucial for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), especially in specialized domains such as mathematics. Despite the recognized importance, the Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Xiaotian Han , Yiren Jian , Xuefeng Hu , Haogeng Liu , Yiqi Wang , Qihang Fan , Yuang Ai , Huaibo Huang , Ran He , Zhenheng Yang , Quanzeng You

Inspired by recent work demonstrating the promise of smaller Transformer-based language models pretrained on carefully curated data, we supercharge such approaches by investing heavily in curating a novel, high quality, non-synthetic data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Rylan Schaeffer

One concern with the rise of large language models lies with their potential for significant harm, particularly from pretraining on biased, obscene, copyrighted, and private information. Emerging ethical approaches have attempted to filter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Peter Henderson , Mark S. Krass , Lucia Zheng , Neel Guha , Christopher D. Manning , Dan Jurafsky , Daniel E. Ho

Large language models perform strongly on general tasks but remain constrained in specialized settings such as music, particularly in the music-entertainment domain, where corpus scale, purity, and the match between data and training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Kai Tian , Yirong Mao , Wendong Bi , Hanjie Wang , Que Wenhui

Mathematics is a highly specialized domain with its own unique set of challenges. Despite this, there has been relatively little research on natural language processing for mathematical texts, and there are few mathematical language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Jacob Collard , Valeria de Paiva , Eswaran Subrahmanian

The pretraining data of today's strongest language models is opaque; in particular, little is known about the proportions of various domains or languages represented. In this work, we tackle a task which we call data mixture inference,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jonathan Hayase , Alisa Liu , Yejin Choi , Sewoong Oh , Noah A. Smith

Machine learning potentials are an important tool for molecular simulation, but their development is held back by a shortage of high quality datasets to train them on. We describe the SPICE dataset, a new quantum chemistry dataset for…

This paper presents a compute-efficient approach to pre-training a Language Model-the "1.5-Pints"-in only 9 days, while outperforming state-of-the-art models as an instruction-following assistant.Based on MT-Bench (a benchmark that emulates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Calvin Tan , Jerome Wang

Automatic math word problem solving has attracted growing attention in recent years. The evaluation datasets used by previous works have serious limitations in terms of scale and diversity. In this paper, we release a new large-scale and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Wei Zhao , Mingyue Shang , Yang Liu , Liang Wang , Jingming Liu

While automatic dialogue tutors hold great potential in making education personalized and more accessible, research on such systems has been hampered by a lack of sufficiently large and high-quality datasets. Collecting such datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jakub Macina , Nico Daheim , Sankalan Pal Chowdhury , Tanmay Sinha , Manu Kapur , Iryna Gurevych , Mrinmaya Sachan