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We show that it is possible to understand and identify a decision maker's subjective causal judgements by observing her preferences over interventions. Following Pearl [2000], we represent causality using causal models (also called…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-01-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Evan Piermont

Understanding how subsets of items are chosen from offered sets is critical to assortment planning, wireless network planning, and many other applications. There are two seemingly unrelated subset choice models that capture dependencies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Sander Aarts , David B. Shmoys , Alex Coy

Motivated by the prevalence of prediction problems in the economy, we study markets in which firms sell models to a consumer to help improve their prediction. Firms decide whether to enter, choose models to train on their data, and set…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-10 Krishna Dasaratha , Juan Ortner , Chengyang Zhu

An increasing number of publications present the joint application of Design of Experiments (DOE) and machine learning (ML) as a methodology to collect and analyze data on a specific industrial phenomenon. However, the literature shows that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-20 Rosa Arboretti , Riccardo Ceccato , Luca Pegoraro , Luigi Salmaso

Evidence is growing that in many markets consumers select not simply on the basis of the perceived attributes of products, but their preferences are modified by the behaviour of others. Economists have paid relatively little attention to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-02-18 R. Alexander Bentley , P. Ormerod

In the era of big data, analysts usually explore various statistical models or machine learning methods for observed data in order to facilitate scientific discoveries or gain predictive power. Whatever data and fitting procedures are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-24 Jie Ding , Vahid Tarokh , Yuhong Yang

Environments built for people are increasingly operated by a new class of economic actors: LLM-powered software agents making decisions on our behalf. These decisions range from our purchases to travel plans to medical treatment selection.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Manuel Cherep , Chengtian Ma , Abigail Xu , Maya Shaked , Pattie Maes , Nikhil Singh

LLMs are increasingly used to make or support high-stakes decisions under uncertainty, where alignment depends not only on factual accuracy but on how models weigh tradeoffs between different outcomes. We present an empirical pipeline for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Khurram Yamin , Jingjing Tang , Eric Horvitz , Bryan Wilder

In recent years, data mining researchers have developed efficient association rule algorithms for retail market basket analysis. Still, retailers often complain about how to adopt association rules to optimize concrete retail marketing-mix…

Databases · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Tom Brijs , Bart Goethals , Gilbert Swinnen , Koen Vanhoof , Geert Wets

This paper describes a generalizable model evaluation method that can be adapted to evaluate AI/ML models across multiple criteria including core scientific principles and more practical outcomes. Emerging from prediction competitions in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Jason L. Harman , Jaelle Scheuerman

In the current landscape of ever-increasing levels of digitalization, we are facing major challenges pertaining to scalability. Recommender systems have become irreplaceable both for helping users navigate the increasing amounts of data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Bjørnar Vassøy , Helge Langseth

Modelling Consumer Indebtedness has proven to be a problem of complex nature. In this work we utilise Data Mining techniques and methods to explore the multifaceted aspect of Consumer Indebtedness by examining the contribution of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-23 Alexandros Ladas , Eamonn Ferguson , Uwe Aickelin , Jon Garibaldi

To choose between two discrete goods, a consumer pays attention to only those with prices below a threshold. From these, she chooses her most preferred good. We assume consumers in a population have the same preference but may have…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-07 Kaushil Patel

In business and marketing, analyzing the reasons behind buying is a fundamental step towards understanding consumer behaviors, shaping business strategies, and predicting market outcomes. Prior research on purchase reason has relied on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Tao Chen , Siqi Zuo , Cheng Li , Mingyang Zhang , Qiaozhu Mei , Michael Bendersky

Choice consistency with utility maximization, as a key assumption in economics, has been extensively used to evaluate decision quality of individuals and to predict real-world outcomes across different contexts. Here we investigate the…

General Economics · Economics 2025-09-22 Mingshi Chen , Tracy Xiao Liu , You Shan , Shu Wang , Songfa Zhong , Yanju Zhou

A success factor for modern companies in the age of Digital Marketing is to understand how customers think and behave based on their online shopping patterns. While the conventional method of gathering consumer insights through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Sohini Roychowdhury , Wenxi Li , Ebrahim Alareqi , Akhilesh Pandita , Ao Liu , Joakim Soderberg

In market modeling, one often treats buyers as a homogeneous group. In this paper we consider buyers with heterogeneous preferences and products available in many variants. Such a framework allows us to successfully model various market…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2009-01-06 Matus Medo , Yi-Cheng Zhang

E-commerce businesses employ recommender models to assist in identifying a personalized set of products for each visitor. To accurately assess the recommendations' influence on customer clicks and buys, three target areas -- customer…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Namrata Chaudhary , Drimik Roy Chowdhury

Active consumer participation is seen as an integral part of the emerging smart grid. Examples include demand-side management programs, incorporation of consumer-owned energy storage or renewable energy units, and active energy trading.…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-11-10 Walid Saad , Arnold Glass , Narayan Mandayam , H. Vincent Poor

With the wide and cross-domain adoption of Large Language Models, it becomes crucial to assess to which extent the statistical correlations in training data, which underlie their impressive performance, hide subtle and potentially troubling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Massimiliano Luca , Ciro Beneduce , Bruno Lepri , Jacopo Staiano
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