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Deep neural networks (DNN) have been used to model nonlinear relations between physical quantities. Those DNNs are embedded in physical systems described by partial differential equations (PDE) and trained by minimizing a loss function that…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-02-26 Kailai Xu , Eric Darve

Simulation and optimization are crucial for advancing the engineering design of complex systems and processes. Traditional optimization methods require substantial computational time and effort due to their reliance on resource-intensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Janak M. Patel , Milad Ramezankhani , Anirudh Deodhar , Dagnachew Birru

Traffic state estimation (TSE) fundamentally involves solving high-dimensional spatiotemporal partial differential equations (PDEs) governing traffic flow dynamics from limited, noisy measurements. While Physics-Informed Neural Networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zhihao Li , Ting Wang , Guojian Zou , Ruofei Wang , Ye Li

DeepONets have recently been proposed as a framework for learning nonlinear operators mapping between infinite dimensional Banach spaces. We analyze DeepONets and prove estimates on the resulting approximation and generalization errors. In…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-14 Samuel Lanthaler , Siddhartha Mishra , George Em Karniadakis

Boundary conditions (BCs) are important groups of physics-enforced constraints that are necessary for solutions of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) to satisfy at specific spatial locations. These constraints carry important physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Nadim Saad , Gaurav Gupta , Shima Alizadeh , Danielle C. Maddix

Neurological injuries predominantly result in loss of functioning of neurons. These neurons may regain function after particular medical therapeutics, such as Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), that promote axon elongation by manipulating the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-01 Cenk Demir , Shumon Koga , Miroslav Krstic

We study the posterior contraction rate of Bayesian Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for solving a general class of elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs). We focus on learning of the elliptic equation with a non-homogeneous…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Yuxuan Zhao , Yulong Lu

This paper presents a safe stabilization of the Stefan PDE model with a moving boundary governed by a high-order dynamics. We consider a parabolic PDE with a time-varying domain governed by a second-order response with respect to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Shumon Koga , Miroslav Krstic

We consider the use of Gaussian Processes (GPs) or Neural Networks (NNs) to numerically approximate the solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) with rough forcing or source terms, which commonly arise as pathwise…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-31 Ricardo Baptista , Edoardo Calvello , Matthieu Darcy , Houman Owhadi , Andrew M. Stuart , Xianjin Yang

Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations are widely used for modeling plasma kinetics by tracking discrete particle dynamics. However, their computational cost remains prohibitively high, due to the need to simulate large numbers of particles to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Jianhua Lv , Linlin Zhong

A variety of infinitely wide neural architectures (e.g., dense NNs, CNNs, and transformers) induce Gaussian process (GP) priors over their outputs. These relationships provide both an accurate characterization of the prior predictive…

In many mechanistic medical, biological, physical and engineered spatiotemporal dynamic models the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) can make simulations impractically slow. Biological models require the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-11 J. Quetzalcóatl Toledo-Marín , Geoffrey Fox , James P. Sluka , James A. Glazier

Recently, the use of neural networks to accelerate the solving of partial differential equations (PDEs) has gained significant traction in both academia and industry. However, employing neural networks as standalone surrogate models raises…

In this paper, we propose a deep neural network approximation to the evolution operator for time dependent PDE systems over long time period by recursively using one single neural network propagator, in the form of POD-DeepONet with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-01 Lizuo Liu , Wei Cai

In this paper, we present a learning-based control for a class of nonlinear systems that guarantees exponential stability as well as bounded output errors. The control is based on the Gaussian Process Submodel Online Learning (GPSOL)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Ricus Husmann , Sven Weishaupt , Malin Lotta Husmann , Harald Aschemann

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool to provide robust and accurate approximations of solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs face serious difficulties and challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Rajat Arora

In high-speed flow past a normal shock, the fluid temperature rises rapidly triggering downstream chemical dissociation reactions. The chemical changes lead to appreciable changes in fluid properties, and these coupled multiphysics and the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-10-04 Zhiping Mao , Lu Lu , Olaf Marxen , Tamer A. Zaki , George E. Karniadakis

In this paper, we propose a data-driven framework for constructing efficient approximate inverse preconditioners for elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) by learning the Green's function of the underlying operator with neural…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Tianshi Xu , Rui Peng Li , Yuanzhe Xi

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently emerged as effective tools for approximating solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs) including evolutionary problems. Classical numerical solvers for such PDEs often face…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Ke Chen , Meenakshi Krishnan , Haizhao Yang

We propose a finite-dimensional control-based method to approximate solution operators for evolutional partial differential equations (PDEs), particularly in high-dimensions. By employing a general reduced-order model, such as a deep neural…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-22 Nathan Gaby , Xiaojing Ye
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