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Tables are a fundamental medium for organizing and analyzing data, making table reasoning a critical capability for intelligent systems. Although large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong general reasoning abilities, they still struggle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Lang Cao , Jingxian Xu , Hanbing Liu , Jinyu Wang , Mengyu Zhou , Haoyu Dong , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Tabular reasoning involves interpreting natural language queries about tabular data, which presents a unique challenge of combining language understanding with structured data analysis. Existing methods employ either textual reasoning,…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Nikhil Abhyankar , Vivek Gupta , Dan Roth , Chandan K. Reddy

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often described as instances of foundation models that possess strong generalization obeying scaling laws, and therefore transfer robustly across various conditions in few- or zero-shot manner. Such claims…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Marianna Nezhurina , Lucia Cipolina-Kun , Mehdi Cherti , Jenia Jitsev

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong average performance yet remain unreliable at the instance level, with frequent hallucinations, brittle failures, and poorly calibrated confidence. We study reliability through the lens of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Pranav Kallem

Although great progress has been made by previous table understanding methods including recent approaches based on large language models (LLMs), they rely heavily on the premise that given tables must be converted into a certain text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Mingyu Zheng , Xinwei Feng , Qingyi Si , Qiaoqiao She , Zheng Lin , Wenbin Jiang , Weiping Wang

Large language models (LLMs) show remarkable capabilities across a variety of tasks. Despite the models only seeing text in training, several recent studies suggest that LLM representations implicitly capture aspects of the underlying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yutaro Yamada , Yihan Bao , Andrew K. Lampinen , Jungo Kasai , Ilker Yildirim

Table reasoning with large language models (LLMs) plays a critical role in building intelligent systems capable of understanding and analyzing tabular data. Despite recent progress, existing methods still face key limitations: their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Huajian Zhang , Mingyue Cheng , Yucong Luo , Xiaoyu Tao

Graphs provide a unified representation of semantic content and relational structure, making them a natural fit for domains such as molecular modeling, citation networks, and social graphs. Meanwhile, large language models (LLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Haotian Xu , Yuning You , Tengfei Ma

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing and automated decision-making. However, these models still encounter difficulties when performing complex reasoning tasks involving logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Yubo Dong , Hehe Fan

Our work addresses the challenges of understanding tables. Existing methods often struggle with the unpredictable nature of table content, leading to a reliance on preprocessing and keyword matching. They also face limitations due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Thi-Nhung Nguyen , Hoang Ngo , Dinh Phung , Thuy-Trang Vu , Dat Quoc Nguyen

Large Language Models (LLMs) display strikingly different generalization behaviors: supervised fine-tuning (SFT) often narrows capability, whereas reinforcement-learning (RL) tuning tends to preserve it. The reasons behind this divergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Haoyue Bai , Yiyou Sun , Wenjie Hu , Shi Qiu , Maggie Ziyu Huan , Peiyang Song , Robert Nowak , Dawn Song

While large language models (LLMs) have rapidly improved their performance on a broad number of tasks, they still often fall short on reasoning tasks. As LLMs become more integrated in diverse real-world tasks, advancing their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Tim Knappe , Ryan Li , Ayush Chauhan , Kaylee Chhua , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

Understanding the uncertainty in large language model (LLM) explanations is important for evaluating their faithfulness and reasoning consistency, and thus provides insights into the reliability of LLM's output regarding a question. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Longchao Da , Xiaoou Liu , Jiaxin Dai , Lu Cheng , Yaqing Wang , Hua Wei

Mathematical reasoning serves as a cornerstone for assessing the fundamental cognitive capabilities of human intelligence. In recent times, there has been a notable surge in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) geared towards the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Janice Ahn , Rishu Verma , Renze Lou , Di Liu , Rui Zhang , Wenpeng Yin

In the realm of natural language processing, the understanding of tabular data has perpetually stood as a focal point of scholarly inquiry. The emergence of expansive language models, exemplified by the likes of ChatGPT, has ushered in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Hengyuan Zhang , Peng Chang , Zongcheng Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming very popular and are used for many different purposes, including creative tasks in the arts. However, these models sometimes have trouble with specific reasoning tasks, especially those that involve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Anna Kruspe

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for Text-to-SQL tasks, exhibiting remarkable reasoning capabilities. Different from tasks such as math word problems and commonsense reasoning, SQL solutions have a relatively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Ruilin Luo , Liyuan Wang , Binghuai Lin , Zicheng Lin , Yujiu Yang

Tables present unique challenges for language models due to their structured row-column interactions, necessitating specialized approaches for effective comprehension. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in table…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhenhe Wu , Jian Yang , Zhongjiang He , Changzai Pan , Jie Zhang , Jiaheng Liu , Xianjie Wu , Yu Zhao , Shuangyong Song , Yongxiang Li , Zhoujun Li , Xueling Li

Despite their outstanding performance, large language models (LLMs) suffer notorious flaws related to their preference for simple, surface-level textual relations over full semantic complexity of the problem. This proposal investigates a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Michal Štefánik

In our opinion the exuberance surrounding the relative success of data-driven large language models (LLMs) is slightly misguided and for several reasons (i) LLMs cannot be relied upon for factual information since for LLMs all ingested text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Walid S. Saba