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We study the complexity of smoothed agnostic learning, recently introduced by~\cite{CKKMS24}, in which the learner competes with the best classifier in a target class under slight Gaussian perturbations of the inputs. Specifically, we focus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane

This work focuses on the gradient flow dynamics of a neural network model that uses correlation loss to approximate a multi-index function on high-dimensional standard Gaussian data. Specifically, the multi-index function we consider is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Berfin Şimşek , Amire Bendjeddou , Daniel Hsu

Multi-distribution learning extends agnostic Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning to the setting in which a family of $k$ distributions, $\{D_i\}_{i\in[k]}$, is considered and a classifier's performance is measured by its error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Chicheng Zhang , Yihan Zhou

We study the task of agnostic learning of multiclass linear classifiers under the Gaussian distribution. Given labeled examples $(x, y)$ from a distribution over $\mathbb{R}^d \times [k]$, with Gaussian $x$-marginal, the goal is to output a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Ilias Diakonikolas , Giannis Iakovidis , Mingchen Ma

In traditional models of supervised learning, the goal of a learner -- given examples from an arbitrary joint distribution on $\mathbb{R}^d \times \{\pm 1\}$ -- is to output a hypothesis that is competitive (to within $\epsilon$) of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Gautam Chandrasekaran , Adam Klivans , Vasilis Kontonis , Raghu Meka , Konstantinos Stavropoulos

We study the task of agnostically learning halfspaces under the Gaussian distribution. Specifically, given labeled examples $(\mathbf{x},y)$ from an unknown distribution on $\mathbb{R}^n \times \{ \pm 1\}$, whose marginal distribution on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Lisheng Ren

We study the problem of learning general (i.e., not necessarily homogeneous) halfspaces under the Gaussian distribution on $R^d$ in the presence of some form of query access. In the classical pool-based active learning model, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Mingchen Ma

In this work we consider generic Gaussian Multi-index models, in which the labels only depend on the (Gaussian) $d$-dimensional inputs through their projection onto a low-dimensional $r = O_d(1)$ subspace, and we study efficient agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Alex Damian , Jason D. Lee , Joan Bruna

We consider the problem of learning the best-fitting single neuron as measured by the expected square loss $\mathbb{E}_{(x,y)\sim \mathcal{D}}[(\sigma(w^\top x)-y)^2]$ over some unknown joint distribution $\mathcal{D}$ by using gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Spencer Frei , Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

The complexity of learning a concept class under Gaussian marginals in the difficult agnostic model is closely related to its $L_1$-approximability by low-degree polynomials. For any concept class with Gaussian surface area at most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Lucas Pesenti , Lucas Slot , Manuel Wiedmer

We consider PAC learning of probability distributions (a.k.a. density estimation), where we are given an i.i.d. sample generated from an unknown target distribution, and want to output a distribution that is close to the target in total…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Hassan Ashtiani , Shai Ben-David , Abbas Mehrabian

We study high-dimensional distribution learning in an agnostic setting where an adversary is allowed to arbitrarily corrupt an $\varepsilon$-fraction of the samples. Such questions have a rich history spanning statistics, machine learning…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Ilias Diakonikolas , Gautam Kamath , Daniel Kane , Jerry Li , Ankur Moitra , Alistair Stewart

We introduce the attention-indexed model (AIM), a theoretical framework for analyzing learning in deep attention layers. Inspired by multi-index models, AIM captures how token-level outputs emerge from layered bilinear interactions over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fabrizio Boncoraglio , Emanuele Troiani , Vittorio Erba , Lenka Zdeborová

We study the problem of learning Single-Index Models under the $L_2^2$ loss in the agnostic model. We give an efficient learning algorithm, achieving a constant factor approximation to the optimal loss, that succeeds under a range of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Nikos Zarifis , Puqian Wang , Ilias Diakonikolas , Jelena Diakonikolas

We study agnostic active learning, where the goal is to learn a classifier in a pre-specified hypothesis class interactively with as few label queries as possible, while making no assumptions on the true function generating the labels. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-15 Chicheng Zhang , Kamalika Chaudhuri

We study ``selective'' or ``conditional'' classification problems under an agnostic setting. Classification tasks commonly focus on modeling the relationship between features and categories that captures the vast majority of data. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jizhou Huang , Brendan Juba

For some hypothesis classes and input distributions, active agnostic learning needs exponentially fewer samples than passive learning; for other classes and distributions, it offers little to no improvement. The most popular algorithms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Eric Price , Yihan Zhou

In many areas of science and engineering, discovering the governing differential equations from the noisy experimental data is an essential challenge. It is also a critical step in understanding the physical phenomena and prediction of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Jiuhai Chen , Lulu Kang , Guang Lin

Learning a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is a fundamental problem in machine learning, learning theory, and statistics. One notion of learning a GMM is proper learning: here, the goal is to find a mixture of $k$ Gaussians $\mathcal{M}$ that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-06-04 Jerry Li , Ludwig Schmidt

There have been many recent advances on provably efficient Reinforcement Learning (RL) in problems with rich observation spaces. However, all these works share a strong realizability assumption about the optimal value function of the true…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Christoph Dann , Yishay Mansour , Mehryar Mohri , Ayush Sekhari , Karthik Sridharan