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Smart contracts are pieces of code that reside inside the blockchains and can be triggered to execute any transaction when specifically predefined conditions are satisfied. Being commonly used for commercial transactions in blockchain makes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Yilin Wang , Xiangping Chen , Yuan Huang , Hao-Nan Zhu , Jing Bian , Zibin Zheng

This article conducts an extensive examination of the persisting challenges related to smart contract attacks within blockchain networks, with a particular focus on the reentrancy attack. It emphasizes the inherent vulnerabilities embedded…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Simone Casale-Brunet , Marco Mattavelli

While Ethereum smart contracts enabled a wide range of blockchain applications, they are extremely vulnerable to different forms of security attacks. Due to the fact that transactions to smart contracts commonly involve cryptocurrency…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Jianbo Gao , Han Liu , Chao Liu , Qingshan Li , Zhi Guan , Zhong Chen

An appealing feature of blockchain technology is smart contracts. A smart contract is executable code that runs on top of the blockchain to facilitate, execute and enforce an agreement between untrusted parties without the involvement of a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-18 Maher Alharby , Aad van Moorsel

The adoption of blockchain-based distributed computation platforms is growing fast. Some of these platforms, such as Ethereum, provide support for implementing smart contracts, which are envisioned to have novel applications in a broad…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Anastasia Mavridou , Aron Laszka

As blockchain technology continues to evolve, the security of smart contracts has increasingly drawn attention from both academia and industry. The Move language, with its unique resource model and linear type system, provides a solid…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuhe Luo , Zhongwen Li , Xiaoqi Li

Smart contracts with external data are crucial for functionality but pose security and reliability concerns. Statistical and quantitative studies on this interaction are scarce. To address this gap, we analyzed 10,500 smart contracts,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yishun Wang , Xiaoqi Li , Shipeng Ye , Lei Xie , Ju Xing

Smart contracts enable contract terms to be automatically executed and verified on the blockchain, and recent years have witnessed numerous applications of them in areas such as financial institutions and supply chains. The execution logic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Lantian Li , Yuyu Chen , Jingwen Wu , Yue Pan , Zhongxing Yu

The Solana blockchain was created by Anatoly Yakovenko of Solana Labs and was introduced in 2017, employing a novel transaction verification method. However, at the same time, the innovation process introduced some new security issues. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Xiangfan Wu , Ju Xing , Xiaoqi Li

With the development of blockchain technology, more and more attention has been paid to the intersection of blockchain and education, and various educational evaluation systems and E-learning systems are developed based on blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Zhifeng Wang , Wanxuan Wu , Chunyan Zeng , Jialong Yao , Yang Yang , Hongmin Xu

As blockchain technology and smart contracts become widely adopted, securing them throughout every stage of the transaction process is essential. The concern of improved security for smart contracts is to find and detect vulnerabilities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 S M Mostaq Hossain , Amani Altarawneh , Jesse Roberts

Smart contract vulnerability detection draws extensive attention in recent years due to the substantial losses caused by hacker attacks. Existing efforts for contract security analysis heavily rely on rigid rules defined by experts, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Zhenguang Liu , Peng Qian , Xiaoyang Wang , Yuan Zhuang , Lin Qiu , Xun Wang

Smart contracts are programs that execute inside blockchains such as Ethereum to manipulate digital assets. Since bugs in smart contracts may lead to substantial financial losses, there is considerable interest in formally proving their…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Christian Bräm , Marco Eilers , Peter Müller , Robin Sierra , Alexander J. Summers

Ethereum, a leading blockchain platform, has revolutionized the digital economy by enabling decentralized transactions and the execution of smart contracts. Ethereum transactions form the backbone of its network, facilitating peer-to-peer…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Dvir David Biton , Roy Friedman , Yaron Hay

Adversarial smart contracts, mostly on EVM-compatible chains like Ethereum and BSC, are deployed as EVM bytecode to exploit vulnerable smart contracts for financial gain. Detecting such malicious contracts at the time of deployment is an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yating Liu , Xing Su , Hao Wu , Sijin Li , Yuxi Cheng , Fengyuan Xu , Sheng Zhong

Smart contracts on the blockchain offer decentralized financial services but often lack robust security measures, leading to significant economic losses. While substantial research has focused on identifying vulnerabilities in smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Youwei Huang , Sen Fang , Jianwen Li , Bin Hu , Tao Zhang

Ethereum has emerged as the most popular smart contract development platform, with hundreds of thousands of contracts stored on the blockchain and covering a variety of application scenarios, such as auctions, trading platforms, and so on.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Clara Schneidewind , Ilya Grishchenko , Markus Scherer , Matteo Maffei

The DISL dataset features a collection of $514,506$ unique Solidity files that have been deployed to Ethereum mainnet. It caters to the need for a large and diverse dataset of real-world smart contracts. DISL serves as a resource for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Gabriele Morello , Mojtaba Eshghie , Sofia Bobadilla , Martin Monperrus

Smart contract developers frequently seek solutions to developmental challenges on Q&A platforms such as Stack Overflow (SO). Although community responses often provide viable solutions, the embedded code snippets can also contain hidden…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Jiachi Chen , Chong Chen , Jiang Hu , John Grundy , Yanlin Wang , Ting Chen , Zibin Zheng

A smart contract that is deployed to a blockchain system like Ethereum is, under reasonable circumstances, expected to be immutable and tamper-proof. This is both a feature (promoting integrity and transparency) and a bug (preventing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Mehdi Salehi , Jeremy Clark , Mohammad Mannan