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Current approaches to fault-tolerant quantum computation will not enable useful quantum computation on near-term devices of 50 to 100 qubits. Leading proposals, such as the color code and surface code schemes, must devote a large fraction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 Peter D. Johnson , Jonathan Romero , Jonathan Olson , Yudong Cao , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, one of the key questions is how to deal with the high noise level existing in physical quantum bits (qubits). Quantum error correction is promising but requires an extensive number (e.g.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-29 Zhiding Liang , Zhepeng Wang , Junhuan Yang , Lei Yang , Jinjun Xiong , Yiyu Shi , Weiwen Jiang

As a branch of quantum machine learning, quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) aims to solve complex sequential decision-making problems more efficiently and effectively than its classical counterpart by exploiting quantum resources.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Jing-Ci Yue , Jun-Hong An

In current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, hybrid quantum neural networks (HQNNs) offer a promising solution, combining the strengths of classical machine learning with quantum computing capabilities. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-27 Tasnim Ahmed , Muhammad Kashif , Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Shafique

Quantum computing has made significant advancements in the last years in both hardware and software. Unfortunately, the currently available Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware is still heavily affected by noise. Many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Tobias Forster , Nils Quetschlich , Robert Wille

Noise and decoherence are two major obstacles to the implementation of large-scale quantum computing. Because of the no-cloning theorem, which says we cannot make an exact copy of an arbitrary quantum state, simple redundancy will not work…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-09 Nam H. Nguyen , Elizabeth C. Behrman , James E. Steck

We propose a method for learning temporal data using a parametrized quantum circuit. We use the circuit that has a similar structure as the recurrent neural network which is one of the standard approaches employed for this type of machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-19 Yuto Takaki , Kosuke Mitarai , Makoto Negoro , Keisuke Fujii , Masahiro Kitagawa

If NISQ-era quantum computers are to perform useful tasks, they will need to employ powerful error mitigation techniques. Quasi-probability methods can permit perfect error compensation at the cost of additional circuit executions, provided…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-14 Armands Strikis , Dayue Qin , Yanzhu Chen , Simon C. Benjamin , Ying Li

Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware has unavoidable noises, and crosstalk error is a significant error source. When multiple quantum operations are executed simultaneously, the quantum state can be corrupted due to the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Siyuan Niu , Aida Todri-Sanial

In 2017, John Preskill defined Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers as an intermediate step on the road to large scale error corrected fault-tolerant quantum computers (FTQC). The NISQ regime corresponds to noisy qubit quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-13 Olivier Ezratty

Quantum computing has proven to be capable of accelerating many algorithms by performing tasks that classical computers cannot. Currently, Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) machines struggle from scalability and noise issues to render…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Chao Lu , Navnil Choudhury , Utsav Banerjee , Abdullah Ash Saki , Kanad Basu

A key problem in the field of quantum computing is understanding whether quantum machine learning (QML) models implemented on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) machines can achieve quantum advantages. Recently, Huang et al. [Nat…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Xinbiao Wang , Yuxuan Du , Yong Luo , Dacheng Tao

Fighting against noise is crucial for NISQ devices to demonstrate practical quantum applications. In this work, we give a new paradigm of quantum error mitigation based on the vectorization of density matrices. Different from the ideas of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-22 Zhong-Xia Shang , Zi-Han Chen , Cai-Sheng Cheng

Quantum computing has become a promising computing approach because of its capability to solve certain problems, exponentially faster than classical computers. A $n$-qubit quantum system is capable of providing $2^{n}$ computational space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Saikat Basu , Amit Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti , Susmita Sur-Kolay

Quantum computing technology has reached a second renaissance in the last decade. However, in the NISQ era pointed out by John Preskill in 2018, quantum noise and decoherence, which affect the accuracy and execution effect of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-09 Yu Zhang , Haowei Deng , Quanxi Li , Haoze Song , Leihai Nie

Quantum Recurrent Neural Networks (QRNNs) are robust candidates for modelling and predicting future values in multivariate time series. However, the effective implementation of some QRNN models is limited by the need for mid-circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 José Daniel Viqueira , Daniel Faílde , Mariamo M. Juane , Andrés Gómez , David Mera

In the near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, high noise will significantly reduce the fidelity of quantum computing. Besides, the noise on quantum devices is not stable. This leads to a challenging problem: At run-time, is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Zhirui Hu , Robert Wolle , Mingzhen Tian , Qiang Guan , Travis Humble , Weiwen Jiang

The rapid development of machine learning and quantum computing has placed quantum machine learning at the forefront of research. However, existing quantum machine learning algorithms based on quantum variational algorithms face challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Da Zhang , Xin Li , Yibin Guo , Haifeng Yu , Yirong Jin , Zhang-Qi Yin

We explore the efficacy of the novel use of parametrised quantum circuits (PQCs) as quantum neural networks (QNNs) for forecasting time series signals with simulated quantum forward propagation. The temporal signals consist of several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-02 Dimitrios Emmanoulopoulos , Sofija Dimoska

When noisy intermediate scalable quantum (NISQ) devices are applied in information processing, all of the stages through preparation, manipulation, and measurement of multipartite qubit states contain various types of noise that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-16 Hyeokjea Kwon , Joonwoo Bae