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Software documentation is essential for program comprehension, developer onboarding, code review, and long-term maintenance. Yet producing quality documentation manually is time-consuming and frequently yields incomplete or inconsistent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Afia Farjana , Zaiyu Cheng , Antonio Mastropaolo

To support software developers in understanding and maintaining programs, various automatic (source) code summarization techniques have been proposed to generate a concise natural language summary (i.e., comment) for a given code snippet.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Weisong Sun , Yun Miao , Yuekang Li , Hongyu Zhang , Chunrong Fang , Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Yang Liu , Zhenyu Chen

This paper presents a study of using large language models (LLMs) in modifying existing code. While LLMs for generating code have been widely studied, their role in code modification remains less understood. Although "prompting" serves as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ningzhi Tang , Emory Smith , Yu Huang , Collin McMillan , Toby Jia-Jun Li

Large Language Models (LLM) are a new class of computation engines, "programmed" via prompt engineering. We are still learning how to best "program" these LLMs to help developers. We start with the intuition that developers tend to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Toufique Ahmed , Kunal Suresh Pai , Premkumar Devanbu , Earl T. Barr

(Source) code summarization aims to automatically generate succinct natural language summaries for given code snippets. Such summaries play a significant role in promoting developers to understand and maintain code. Inspired by neural…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Chunrong Fang , Weisong Sun , Yuchen Chen , Xiao Chen , Zhao Wei , Quanjun Zhang , Yudu You , Bin Luo , Yang Liu , Zhenyu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform best with well-crafted prompts, yet prompt engineering remains manual, inconsistent, and inaccessible to non-experts. We introduce Promptomatix, an automatic prompt optimization framework that transforms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rithesh Murthy , Ming Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Jielin Qiu , Juntao Tan , Shelby Heinecke , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Huan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities to generate accurate code snippets given natural language intents in a zero-shot manner, i.e., without the need for specific fine-tuning. While prior studies have highlighted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Martin Weyssow , Xin Zhou , Kisub Kim , David Lo , Houari Sahraoui

Code snippet adaptation is a fundamental activity in the software development process. Unlike code generation, code snippet adaptation is not a "free creation", which requires developers to tailor a given code snippet in order to fit…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Tanghaoran Zhang , Yue Yu , Xinjun Mao , Shangwen Wang , Kang Yang , Yao Lu , Zhang Zhang , Yuxin Zhao

Neural machine translation models are used to automatically generate a document from given source code since this can be regarded as a machine translation task. Source code summarization is one of the components for automatic document…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Yusuke Shido , Yasuaki Kobayashi , Akihiro Yamamoto , Atsushi Miyamoto , Tadayuki Matsumura

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have greatly expanded the potential for automated code-related tasks. Two primary methodologies are used in this domain: prompt engineering and fine-tuning. Prompt engineering involves…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Jiho Shin , Clark Tang , Tahmineh Mohati , Maleknaz Nayebi , Song Wang , Hadi Hemmati

Code summaries are brief natural language descriptions of source code pieces. The main purpose of code summarization is to assist developers in understanding code and to reduce documentation workload. In this paper, we design a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Rui Xie , Wei Ye , Jinan Sun , Shikun Zhang

Code summary generation is the task of writing natural language descriptions of a section of source code. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and other AI-based technologies have helped make automatic code summarization a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Chia-Yi Su , Aakash Bansal , Yu Huang , Toby Jia-Jun Li , Collin McMillan

Personalization, the ability to tailor a system to individual users, is an essential factor in user experience with natural language processing (NLP) systems. With the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), a key question is how to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Chris Richardson , Yao Zhang , Kellen Gillespie , Sudipta Kar , Arshdeep Singh , Zeynab Raeesy , Omar Zia Khan , Abhinav Sethy

Large Language Models (LLMs) are nowadays extensively used for various types of software engineering tasks, primarily code generation. Previous research has shown how suitable prompt engineering could help developers in improving their code…

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is widely used for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) for various tasks. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for fine-tuning a single LLM for multiple tasks because it requires overall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Anjir Ahmed Chowdhury , Syed Zawad , Xiaolong Ma , Xu Dong , Feng Yan

Code summarization aims to generate concise natural language descriptions for source code. Deep learning has been used more and more recently in software engineering, particularly for tasks like code creation and summarization.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Md. Ahnaf Akib , Md. Muktadir Mazumder , Salman Ahsan

Code summarization is a critical task in natural language processing and software engineering, which aims to generate concise descriptions of source code. Recent advancements have improved the quality of these summaries, enhancing code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Vladimir Makharev , Vladimir Ivanov

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce code with subtle implementation-level bugs despite strong benchmark performance. These errors are hard for LLMs to spot and can have large behavioural effects; yet when asked to summarise code,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lukas Twist

Cross-lingual summarization (CLS) aims to generate a summary for the source text in a different target language. Currently, instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) excel at various English tasks. However, unlike languages such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zhecheng Li , Yiwei Wang , Bryan Hooi , Yujun Cai , Naifan Cheung , Nanyun Peng , Kai-wei Chang

Few-shot abstractive summarization has become a challenging task in natural language generation. To support it, we designed a novel soft prompts architecture coupled with a prompt pre-training plus fine-tuning paradigm that is effective and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Xiaochen Liu , Yang Gao , Yu Bai , Jiawei Li , Yinan Hu , Heyan Huang , Boxing Chen
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