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Language models have improved by orders of magnitude with the recent emergence of Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs have demonstrated their ability to generate natural code that is highly similar to code written by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Aidan Z. H. Yang , Sophia Kolak , Vincent J. Hellendoorn , Ruben Martins , Claire Le Goues

Automated Program Repair (APR) aspires to automatically generate patches for an input buggy program. Traditional APR tools typically focus on specific bug types and fixes through the use of templates, heuristics, and formal specifications.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Chunqiu Steven Xia , Yifeng Ding , Lingming Zhang

Automated Program Repair (APR) uses various tools and techniques to help developers achieve functional and error-free code faster. In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained popularity as components in APR tool chains because…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Roman Macháček , Anastasiia Grishina , Max Hort , Leon Moonen

Automatic Program Repair (APR) is a brilliant idea: when detecting a bug, also provide suggestions for correcting the program. Progress towards that goal is hindered by the absence of a common frame of reference for the multiplicity of APR…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Victoria Kananchuk , Ilgiz Mustafin , Bertrand Meyer

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in code-related tasks, such as code generation and automated program repair. Despite their promising performance, most existing approaches for code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yicong Zhao , Shisong Chen , Jiacheng Zhang , Zhixu Li

We propose, BanditRepair, a system that systematically explores and assesses a set of possible runtime patches. The system is grounded on so-called bandit algorithms, that are online machine learning algorithms, designed for constantly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-03-25 Thomas Durieux , Youssef Hamadi , Martin Monperrus

Automated program repair (APR) aims to automatically repair program errors without human intervention, and recent years have witnessed a growing interest on this research topic. While much progress has been made and techniques originating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Zhenyu Yang , Jingwen Wu , Zhen Yang , Zhongxing Yu

Automated program repair (APR) has attracted widespread attention in recent years with substantial techniques being proposed. Meanwhile, a number of benchmarks have been established for evaluating the performances of APR techniques, among…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Shangwen Wang , Ming Wen , Xiaoguang Mao , Deheng Yang

Learning-based automated vulnerability repair (AVR) techniques that utilize fine-tuned language models have shown promise in generating vulnerability patches. However, questions remain about their ability to repair unseen vulnerabilities.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Woorim Han , Yeongjun Kwak , Miseon Yu , Kyeongmin Kim , Younghan Lee , Hyungon Moon , Yunheung Paek

Automated program repair (APR) has shown promising results, particularly with the use of neural networks. Currently, most APR tools focus on code transformations specified by test suites, rather than reasoning about the program intent and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 He Ye , Aidan Z. H. Yang , Chang Hu , Yanlin Wang , Tao Zhang , Claire Le Goues

Fault localization is a crucial step of automated program repair, because accurately identifying program locations that are most closely implicated with a fault greatly affects the effectiveness of the patching process. An ideal fault…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Tongtong Xu , Liushan Chen , Yu Pei , Tian Zhang , Minxue Pan , Carlo A. Furia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in Automated Program Repair (APR). Test inputs, being crucial for reasoning the root cause of failures, are always included in the prompt for LLM-based APR. Unfortunately, LLMs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Boyang Yang , Luyao Ren , Xin Yin , Jiadong Ren , Haoye Tian , Shunfu Jin

Software bugs are prevalent in modern software systems and notoriously hard to debug manually. Therefore, a large body of research efforts have been dedicated to automated software debugging, including both automated fault localization and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Yiling Lou , Ali Ghanbari , Xia Li , Lingming Zhang , Dan Hao , Lu Zhang

Implementing bug-free concurrent programs is a challenging task in modern software development. State-of-the-art static analyses find hundreds of concurrency bugs in production code, scaling to large codebases. Yet, fixing these bugs in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Andreea Costea , Abhishek Tiwari , Sigmund Chianasta , Kishore R , Abhik Roychoudhury , Ilya Sergey

Automated Program Repair (APR) aims to automatically generate patches for buggy programs. Recent APR work has been focused on leveraging modern Large Language Models (LLMs) to directly generate patches for APR. Such LLM-based APR tools work…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Chunqiu Steven Xia , Lingming Zhang

Automated program repair techniques aim to aid software developers with the challenging task of fixing bugs. In heuristic-based program repair, a search space of program variants, created via mutations on software, is explored to find…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Carol Hanna , Aymeric Blot , Justyna Petke

In introductory programming courses, it is challenging for instructors to provide debugging feedback on students' incorrect programs. Some recent tools automatically offer program repair feedback by identifying any differences between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Yunlong Lu , Na Meng , Wenxin Li

Despite the immense popularity of the Automated Program Repair (APR) field, the question of patch validation is still open. Most of the present-day approaches follow the so-called Generate-and-Validate approach, where first a candidate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Viktor Csuvik , Dániel Horváth , Márk Lajkó , László Vidács

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves the factual accuracy of large language model (LLM) outputs by grounding generation in external knowledge. Recent agentic RAG systems extend this paradigm with critical agents to evaluate model…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Gongbo Zhang , Yifan Peng , Chunhua Weng

Automated program repair (APR) attempts to reduce manual debugging efforts and plays a vital role in software maintenance. Despite remarkable progress, APR is still limited in generating overfitting patches, i.e., patches passing available…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Quanjun Zhang , Ye Shang , Haichuan Hu , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen , Liang Xiao