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Large Language Models (LLMs) for Graph Reasoning have been extensively studied over the past two years, involving enabling LLMs to understand graph structures and reason on graphs to solve various graph problems, with graph algorithm…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yuwei Hu , Xinyi Huang , Zhewei Wei , Yongchao Liu , Chuntao Hong

This paper introduces a multi-label visual emotion analysis benchmark dataset for comprehensively evaluating the ability of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to predict the emotions evoked by images. Recent user studies report an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tianwei Chen , Takuya Furusawa , Yuki Hirakawa , Ryotaro Shimizu , Mo Fan , Takashi Wada

There is an increasing body of work using Large Language Models (LLMs) as agents for orchestrating workflows and making decisions in domains that require planning and multi-step reasoning. As a result, it is imperative to evaluate LLMs on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Harsha Kokel , Michael Katz , Kavitha Srinivas , Shirin Sohrabi

For human cognitive process, spatial reasoning and perception are closely entangled, yet the nature of this interplay remains underexplored in the evaluation of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). While recent MLLM advancements show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Chengzu Li , Wenshan Wu , Huanyu Zhang , Qingtao Li , Zeyu Gao , Yan Xia , José Hernández-Orallo , Ivan Vulić , Furu Wei

The advancement of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has significantly enhanced the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and large vision-language models (LVLMs). However, a rigorous evaluation framework for video CoT reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Yukun Qi , Yiming Zhao , Yu Zeng , Xikun Bao , Wenxuan Huang , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Jie Zhao , Zhongang Qi , Feng Zhao

Multimodal Large Language Models are primarily trained and evaluated on aligned image-text pairs, which leaves their ability to detect and resolve real-world inconsistencies largely unexplored. In open-domain applications visual and textual…

Task automation has been greatly empowered by the recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) via Python code, where the tasks ranging from software engineering development to general-purpose reasoning. While current benchmarks have…

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show strong capabilities in visual-language reasoning, yet their performance on ultra-high-resolution imagery remains largely unexplored. Existing visual question answering (VQA) benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Siqi Li , Xinyu Cai , Jianbiao Mei , Nianchen Deng , Pinlong Cai , Licheng Wen , Yufan Shen , Xuemeng Yang , Botian Shi , Yong Liu

Despite the advancements and impressive performance of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) on benchmarks, their effectiveness in real-world, long-context, and multi-image tasks is unclear due to the benchmarks' limited scope. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Dingjie Song , Shunian Chen , Guiming Hardy Chen , Fei Yu , Xiang Wan , Benyou Wang

Can low-cost large language models (LLMs) take over the interpretive coding work that still anchors much of empirical content analysis? This paper introduces ContentBench, a public benchmark suite that helps answer this replacement question…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Michael Haman

The rapid evolution of Multi-modality Large Language Models (MLLMs) has catalyzed a shift in computer vision from specialized models to general-purpose foundation models. Nevertheless, there is still an inadequacy in assessing the abilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Haoning Wu , Zicheng Zhang , Erli Zhang , Chaofeng Chen , Liang Liao , Annan Wang , Chunyi Li , Wenxiu Sun , Qiong Yan , Guangtao Zhai , Weisi Lin

Understanding and reasoning over diagrams is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence. While Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, existing benchmarks lack comprehensive evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Fengji Zhang , Linquan Wu , Huiyu Bai , Guancheng Lin , Xiao Li , Xiao Yu , Yue Wang , Bei Chen , Jacky Keung

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly used to interpret visualizations, yet little is known about why they fail. We present the first systematic analysis of barriers to visualization literacy in MLLMs. Using the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mengli , Duan , Yuhe , Jiang , Matthew Varona , Carolina Nobre

Though Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently achieved significant progress, they often struggle to understand diverse and complicated inter-object relations. Specifically, the lack of large-scale and high-quality relation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Jiahao Nie , Gongjie Zhang , Wenbin An , Yun Xing , Yap-Peng Tan , Alex C. Kot , Shijian Lu

With the rapid advancement of Generative AI technology, Multimodal Large Language Models(MLLMs) have the potential to act as AI software engineers capable of executing complex web application development. Considering that the model requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhiyu Lin , Zhengda Zhou , Zhiyuan Zhao , Tianrui Wan , Yilun Ma , Junyu Gao , Xuelong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming diverse fields and gaining increasing influence as human proxies. This development underscores the urgent need for evaluating value orientations and understanding of LLMs to ensure their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yuanyi Ren , Haoran Ye , Hanjun Fang , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have led to impressive progress across various benchmarks. However, their capability in understanding infrared images remains unexplored. To address this gap, we introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Tao Zhang , Yuyang Hong , Yang Xia , Kun Ding , Zeyu Zhang , Ying Wang , Shiming Xiang , Chunhong Pan

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are capable of handling diverse data types such as imaging, text, and physiological signals, and can be applied in various fields. In the medical field, LVLMs have a high potential to offer substantial…

Structure reasoning is a fundamental capability of large language models (LLMs), enabling them to reason about structured commonsense and answer multi-hop questions. However, existing benchmarks for structure reasoning mainly focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhuohang Jiang , Pangjing Wu , Ziran Liang , Peter Q. Chen , Xu Yuan , Ye Jia , Jiancheng Tu , Chen Li , Peter H. F. Ng , Qing Li

Diagrams represent a form of visual language that encodes abstract concepts and relationships through structured symbols and their spatial arrangements. Unlike natural images, they are inherently symbolic, and entirely artificial. They thus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yanpeng Sun , Shan Zhang , Wei Tang , Aotian Chen , Piotr Koniusz , Kai Zou , Yuan Xue , Anton van den Hengel
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