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We study the iterative refinement of path planning for multiple robots, known as multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF). Given a graph, agents, their initial locations, and destinations, a solution of MAPF is a set of paths without collisions.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Keisuke Okumura , Yasumasa Tamura , Xavier Defago

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), which focuses on finding collision-free paths for multiple robots, is crucial for applications ranging from aerial swarms to warehouse automation. Solving MAPF is NP-hard so learning-based approaches for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yimin Tang , Xiao Xiong , Jingyi Xi , Jiaoyang Li , Erdem Bıyık , Sven Koenig

While scaling test-time compute through trajectory-level sampling has significantly improved Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, the lack of regressive ability prevents the reuse of partial successes and the recovery from early missteps.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Sizhe Tang , Rongqian Chen , Tian Lan

Solving the Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem optimally is known to be NP-Hard for both make-span and total arrival time minimization. While many algorithms have been developed to solve MAPF problems, there is no dominating optimal…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Jingyao Ren , Vikraman Sathiyanarayanan , Eric Ewing , Baskin Senbaslar , Nora Ayanian

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is an NP-hard problem well studied in artificial intelligence and robotics. It has many real-world applications for which existing MAPF solvers use various heuristics. However, these solvers are deterministic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Liron Cohen , Glenn Wagner , T. K. Satish Kumar , Howie Choset , Sven Koenig

Multi-Agent Path Finding in Continuous Time (\mapfr) extends the classical MAPF problem by allowing agents to operate in continuous time. Conflict-Based Search with Continuous Time (CCBS) is a foundational algorithm for solving \mapfr…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Andy Li , Zhe Chen , Danial Harabor , Mor Vered

Multi-agent path finding in continuous space and time with geometric agents MAPF$^\mathcal{R}$ is addressed in this paper. The task is to navigate agents that move smoothly between predefined positions to their individual goals so that they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Pavel Surynek

Multi-Robot Path Planning (MRPP) on graphs, equivalently known as Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), is a well-established NP-hard problem with critically important applications. As serial computation in (near)-optimally solving MRPP…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Teng Guo , Jingjin Yu

The primary objective of Multi-Agent Pathfinding (MAPF) is to plan efficient and conflict-free paths for all agents. Traditional multi-agent path planning algorithms struggle to achieve efficient distributed path planning for multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Zhenyu Song , Ronghao Zheng , Senlin Zhang , Meiqin Liu

In recent years, Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) has attracted attention from the fields of both Operations Research (OR) and Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, in the 2021 Flatland3 Challenge, a competition on MAPF, the best RL method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Yuhao Jiang , Kunjie Zhang , Qimai Li , Jiaxin Chen , Xiaolong Zhu

The Multi-agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem involves finding collision-free paths for a team of agents in a known, static environment, with important applications in warehouse automation, logistics, or last-mile delivery. To meet the needs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Chengyang He , Tanishq Duhan , Parth Tulsyan , Patrick Kim , Guillaume Sartoretti

Multi-agent path finding in formation has many potential real-world applications like mobile warehouse robots. However, previous multi-agent path finding (MAPF) methods hardly take formation into consideration. Furthermore, they are usually…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Shanqi Liu , Licheng Wen , Jinhao Cui , Xuemeng Yang , Junjie Cao , Yong Liu

In Multiagent Path Finding (MAPF), the goal is to compute efficient, collision-free paths for multiple agents navigating a network from their sources to targets, minimizing the schedule's makespan-the total time until all agents reach their…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Foivos Fioravantes , Dušan Knop , Nikolaos Melissinos , Michal Opler

Multi-agent target assignment and path planning (TAPF) are two key problems in intelligent warehouse. However, most literature only addresses one of these two problems separately. In this study, we propose a method to simultaneously solve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Qi Liu , Jianqi Gao , Dongjie Zhu , Zhongjian Qiao , Pengbin Chen , Jingxiang Guo , Yanjie Li

Multi-Agent Combinatorial Path Finding (MCPF) seeks collision-free paths for multiple agents from their initial to goal locations, while visiting a set of intermediate target locations in the middle of the paths. MCPF is challenging as it…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Zhongqiang Ren , Anushtup Nandy , Sivakumar Rathinam , Howie Choset

In Lifelong Multi-Agent Path Finding (L-MAPF) a team of agents performs a stream of tasks consisting of multiple locations to be visited by the agents on a shared graph while avoiding collisions with one another. L-MAPF is typically tackled…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Nitzan Madar , Kiril Solovey , Oren Salzman

Multi-Agent Motion Planning (MAMP) is the problem of computing feasible paths for a set of agents given individual start and goal states. Given the hardness of MAMP, most of the research related to multi-agent systems has focused on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Irving Solis , Read Sandström , James Motes , Nancy M. Amato

Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) is an effective anytime algorithm with a vast amount of applications. It strategically allocates computational resources to focus on promising segments of the search tree, making it a very attractive search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Cedric Derstroff , Jannis Brugger , Jannis Blüml , Mira Mezini , Stefan Kramer , Kristian Kersting

Existing multi-agent path finding (MAPF) solvers do not account for uncertain behavior of uncontrollable agents. We present a novel variant of Enhanced Conflict-Based Search (ECBS), for both one-shot and lifelong MAPF in dynamic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Kegan J. Strawn , Thomy Phan , Eric Wang , Nora Ayanian , Sven Koenig , Lars Lindemann

Multi-agent path planning (MAPP) is the problem of planning collision-free trajectories from start to goal locations for a team of agents. This work explores a relatively unexplored setting of MAPP where streams of agents have to go through…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Kazumi Kasaura , Ryo Yonetani , Mai Nishimura
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