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We introduce probability estimation, a broadly applicable framework to certify randomness in a finite sequence of measurement results without assuming that these results are independent and identically distributed. Probability estimation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-30 Yanbao Zhang , Emanuel Knill , Peter Bierhorst

With the development of controllable quantum systems, fast and practical characterization for multi-qubit gates is essential for building high-fidelity quantum computing devices. The usual way to fulfill this requirement via randomized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Yihong Zhang , Wenjun Yu , Pei Zeng , Guoding Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

Benchmarks offer a scientific way to compare algorithms using objective performance metrics. Good benchmarks have two features: (a) they should be widely useful for many research groups; (b) and they should produce reproducible findings. In…

Classification is a common task in machine learning. Random features (RFs) stand as a central technique for scalable learning algorithms based on kernel methods, and more recently proposed optimized random features, sampled depending on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Hayata Yamasaki , Sho Sonoda

With the rapid development of internet Router, the complexity of its mainboard has been growing dramatically. The high reliability requirement renders the number of testing cases increasing exponentially, which becomes the bottleneck that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Hanxiao Zhang , Shouzhou Liu , Yan-Fu Li

In near-term quantum computations that do not employ error correction, noise can proliferate rapidly, corrupting the quantum state and making results unreliable. These errors originate from both decoherence and control imprecision. The…

Model-based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) has been widely adapted due to its sample efficiency. However, existing worst-case regret analysis typically requires optimistic planning, which is not realistic in general. In contrast, motivated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-10 Lingxiao Wang , Ping Li

While Bayesian-based exploration often demonstrates superior empirical performance compared to bonus-based methods in model-based reinforcement learning (RL), its theoretical understanding remains limited for model-free settings. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 He Wang , Xingyu Xu , Yuejie Chi

Randomized experiments are a crucial tool for causal inference in many different fields. Rerandomization addresses any covariate imbalance in such experiments by resampling treatment assignments until certain balance criteria are satisfied.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-27 Jiuyao Lu , Daogao Liu , Zhanran Lin , Xiaomeng Wang

Spin systems controlled and probed by magnetic resonance have been valuable for testing the ideas of quantum control and quantum error correction. This paper introduces an X-band pulsed electron spin resonance spectrometer designed for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Daniel K. Park , Guanru Feng , Robabeh Rahimi , Jonathan Baugh , Raymond Laflamme

To be useful for quantum computation, gate operations must be maintained at high fidelities over long periods of time. In addition to decoherence, slow drifts in control hardware leads to inaccurate gates, causing the quality of operation…

Quantum dots (QDs) defined with electrostatic gates are a leading platform for a scalable quantum computing implementation. However, with increasing numbers of qubits, the complexity of the control parameter space also grows. Traditional…

With the accelerating development of quantum technologies and their growing computational potential, quantum systems are being adapted for simulations and other critical tasks across diverse domains, making the reliability of the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Maryse Ernzer , Seung Yeob Shin , Fabrizio Pastore , Domenico Bianculli

Switchback experiments--alternating treatment and control over time--are widely used when unit-level randomization is infeasible, outcomes are aggregated, or user interference is unavoidable. In practice, experimentation must support fast…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-27 Jizhou Liu , Liang Zhong

We consider deterministic and {\em randomized} quantum algorithms simulating $e^{-iHt}$ by a product of unitary operators $e^{-iA_jt_j}$, $j=1,...,N$, where $A_j\in\{H_1,...,H_m\}$, $H=\sum_{i=1}^m H_i$ and $t_j > 0$ for every $j$.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-22 Chi Zhang

In most clinical trials, patients are randomized with equal probability among treatments to obtain an unbiased estimate of the treatment effect. Response-adaptive randomization (RAR) has been proposed for ethical reasons, where the…

Applications · Statistics 2019-09-16 Thevaa Chandereng , Rick Chappell

In this paper we investigate properties of several randomness generation protocols in the device independent framework. Using Bell-type inequalities it is possible to certify that the numbers generated by an untrusted device are indeed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-25 Piotr Mironowicz , Marcin Pawłowski

To Characterize and calibrate quantum processing devices a large amount of measurement data has to be collected. Active qubit reset increases the speed at which data can be gathered but requires additional hardware and/or calibration. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-15 Max Werninghaus , Daniel Egger , Stefan Filipp

Randomized algorithms are crucial subroutines in quantum computing, but the requirement to execute many types of circuits on a real quantum device has been challenging to their extensive implementation. In this study, we propose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Shu Kanno , Ikko Hamamura , Rudy Raymond , Qi Gao , Naoki Yamamoto

Applying post selection in each step of an iterated protocol leads to sensitive quantum dynamics that may be utilized to test and benchmark current quantum computers. An example of this type of protocols was originally proposed for the task…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Adrian Ortega , Orsolya Kálmán , Tamás Kiss