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Semi-supervised learning (SSL) uses unlabeled data to improve the performance of machine learning models when labeled data is scarce. However, its real-world applications often face the label distribution mismatch problem, in which the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jinsoo Bae , Seoung Bum Kim , Hyungrok Do

Open-set semi-supervised learning (OSSL) embodies a practical scenario within semi-supervised learning, wherein the unlabeled training set encompasses classes absent from the labeled set. Many existing OSSL methods assume that these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Erik Wallin , Lennart Svensson , Fredrik Kahl , Lars Hammarstrand

Federated Semi-supervised Learning (FedSSL) has emerged as a new paradigm for allowing distributed clients to collaboratively train a machine learning model over scarce labeled data and abundant unlabeled data. However, existing works for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Jie Zhang , Xiaosong Ma , Song Guo , Wenchao Xu

Graph classification, aiming at learning the graph-level representations for effective class assignments, has received outstanding achievements, which heavily relies on high-quality datasets that have balanced class distribution. In fact,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Siyu Yi , Zhengyang Mao , Wei Ju , Yongdao Zhou , Luchen Liu , Xiao Luo , Ming Zhang

The premise of semi-supervised learning (SSL) is that combining labeled and unlabeled data yields significantly more accurate models. Despite empirical successes, the theoretical understanding of SSL is still far from complete. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-06 Eyar Azar , Boaz Nadler

This paper tackles the problem of semi-supervised learning when the set of labeled samples is limited to a small number of images per class, typically less than 10, problem that we refer to as barely-supervised learning. We analyze in depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Thomas Lucas , Philippe Weinzaepfel , Gregory Rogez

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has advanced classification tasks by inputting both labeled and unlabeled data to train a model jointly. However, existing SSL methods only consider the unlabeled data whose predictions are beyond a fixed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Zechen Liang , Yuan-Gen Wang , Wei Lu , Xiaochun Cao

Intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe operation of industrial machinery and improving production efficiency. However, traditional supervised deep learning methods require a large amount of training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yajiao Dai , Jun Li , Zhen Mei , Yiyang Ni , Shi Jin , Zengxiang Li , Sheng Guo , Wei Xiang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is the branch of machine learning that aims to improve learning performance by leveraging unlabeled data when labels are insufficient. Recently, SSL with deep models has proven to be successful on standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Lan-Zhe Guo , Zhi Zhou , Yu-Feng Li

Pseudo-labeling has emerged as a popular and effective approach for utilizing unlabeled data. However, in the context of semi-supervised multi-label learning (SSMLL), conventional pseudo-labeling methods encounter difficulties when dealing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Ming-Kun Xie , Jia-Hao Xiao , Hao-Zhe Liu , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Sheng-Jun Huang

Learning from real-world data is frequently hindered by the compound challenge of long-tailed class distributions and noisy annotations. Existing methods partially address these issues but typically ignore the non-uniform impact of label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Mengke Li , Haiquan Ling , Lihao Chen , Yang Lu , Yiqun Zhang , Hui Huang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides an effective means of leveraging unlabelled data to improve a model performance. Even though the domain has received a considerable amount of attention in the past years, most methods present the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-06 Hugo Schmutz , Olivier Humbert , Pierre-Alexandre Mattei

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides a powerful framework for leveraging unlabeled data when labels are limited or expensive to obtain. SSL algorithms based on deep neural networks have recently proven successful on standard benchmark…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Avital Oliver , Augustus Odena , Colin Raffel , Ekin D. Cubuk , Ian J. Goodfellow

Compared to supervised learning, semi-supervised learning reduces the dependence of deep learning on a large number of labeled samples. In this work, we use a small number of labeled samples and perform data augmentation on unlabeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Qiuyu Zhu , Tiantian Li

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is important for reducing the annotation cost for medical image segmentation models. State-of-the-art SSL methods such as Mean Teacher, FixMatch and Cross Pseudo Supervision (CPS) are mainly based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Weiren Zhao , Lanfeng Zhong , Xin Liao , Wenjun Liao , Sichuan Zhang , Shaoting Zhang , Guotai Wang

Real-world datasets often exhibit long-tailed distributions, where a few dominant "Head" classes have abundant samples while most "Tail" classes are severely underrepresented, leading to biased learning and poor generalization for the Tail.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Mahdiyar Molahasani , Michael Greenspan , Ali Etemad

Training deep models with limited annotations poses a significant challenge when applied to diverse practical domains. Employing semi-supervised learning alongside the self-supervised model offers the potential to enhance label efficiency.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ziting Wen , Oscar Pizarro , Stefan Williams

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) seeks to enhance task performance by training on both labeled and unlabeled data. Mainstream SSL image classification methods mostly optimize a loss that additively combines a supervised classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Zhe Huang , Xiaowei Yu , Dajiang Zhu , Michael C. Hughes

Semi-supervised learning approaches train on small sets of labeled data along with large sets of unlabeled data. Self-training is a semi-supervised teacher-student approach that often suffers from the problem of "confirmation bias" that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Aswathnarayan Radhakrishnan , Jim Davis , Zachary Rabin , Benjamin Lewis , Matthew Scherreik , Roman Ilin

Deep neural network-based classifiers trained with the categorical cross-entropy (CCE) loss are sensitive to label noise in the training data. One common type of method that can mitigate the impact of label noise can be viewed as supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Aritra Ghosh , Andrew Lan