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Deep learning-based object detection has become ubiquitous in the last decade due to its high accuracy in many real-world applications. With this growing trend, these models are interested in being attacked by adversaries, with most of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Pham Phuc , Son Vuong , Khang Nguyen , Tuan Dang

Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) platforms have gained popularity due to their accessibility, cost-efficiency, scalability, and rapid development capabilities. However, recent research has highlighted the vulnerability of cloud-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Hongwei Yao , Zheng Li , Haiqin Weng , Feng Xue , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated remarkable utility across diverse applications, and their growing complexity has made Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) a viable platform for scalable deployment. However, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Zebin Wang , Menghan Lin , Bolin Shen , Ken Anderson , Molei Liu , Tianxi Cai , Yushun Dong

The privacy of machine learning models has become a significant concern in many emerging Machine-Learning-as-a-Service applications, where prediction services based on well-trained models are offered to users via pay-per-query. The lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Xun Xian , Mingyi Hong , Jie Ding

Machine learning (ML) models have been widely applied to various applications, including image classification, text generation, audio recognition, and graph data analysis. However, recent studies have shown that ML models are vulnerable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Hongsheng Hu , Zoran Salcic , Lichao Sun , Gillian Dobbie , Philip S. Yu , Xuyun Zhang

Recent studies have demonstrated that object detection networks are usually vulnerable to adversarial examples. Generally, adversarial attacks for object detection can be categorized into targeted and untargeted attacks. Compared with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Xuchong Zhang , Changfeng Sun , Haoliang Han , Hongbin Sun

We argue that the machine learning problem of model extraction is actually a cryptanalytic problem in disguise, and should be studied as such. Given oracle access to a neural network, we introduce a differential attack that can efficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Nicholas Carlini , Matthew Jagielski , Ilya Mironov

Machine Learning models, extensively used for various multimedia applications, are offered to users as a blackbox service on the Cloud on a pay-per-query basis. Such blackbox models are commercially valuable to adversaries, making them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Vasisht Duddu , D. Vijay Rao

Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) has emerged as a widely adopted paradigm for providing access to deep neural network (DNN) models, enabling users to conveniently leverage these models through standardized APIs. However, such services…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Bolin Shen , Zhan Cheng , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Fan Yao , Yushun Dong

The success of deep neural networks has driven numerous research studies and applications from Euclidean to non-Euclidean data. However, there are increasing concerns about privacy leakage, as these networks rely on processing private data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhanke Zhou , Jianing Zhu , Fengfei Yu , Xuan Li , Xiong Peng , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

Model extraction attacks currently pose a non-negligible threat to the security and privacy of deep learning models. By querying the model with a small dataset and usingthe query results as the ground-truth labels, an adversary can steal a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Huajie Chen , Tianqing Zhu , Lefeng Zhang , Bo Liu , Derui Wang , Wanlei Zhou , Minhui Xue

Backdoor attacks are among the most effective, practical, and stealthy attacks in deep learning. In this paper, we consider a practical scenario where a developer obtains a deep model from a third party and uses it as part of a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Dorde Popovic , Amin Sadeghi , Ting Yu , Sanjay Chawla , Issa Khalil

Deep learning has gained tremendous success and great popularity in the past few years. However, deep learning systems are suffering several inherent weaknesses, which can threaten the security of learning models. Deep learning's wide use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Yingzhe He , Guozhu Meng , Kai Chen , Xingbo Hu , Jinwen He

The collection and availability of big data, combined with advances in pre-trained models (e.g. BERT), have revolutionized the predictive performance of natural language processing tasks. This allows corporations to provide machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Xuanli He , Chen Chen , Lingjuan Lyu , Qiongkai Xu

Despite our best efforts, deep learning models remain highly vulnerable to even tiny adversarial perturbations applied to the inputs. The ability to extract information from solely the output of a machine learning model to craft adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Viet Quoc Vo , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Damith C. Ranasinghe

Machine learning models deployed as a service (MLaaS) are susceptible to model stealing attacks, where an adversary attempts to steal the model within a restricted access framework. While existing attacks demonstrate near-perfect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Sunandini Sanyal , Sravanti Addepalli , R. Venkatesh Babu

Decision-based attacks construct adversarial examples against a machine learning (ML) model by making only hard-label queries. These attacks have mainly been applied directly to standalone neural networks. However, in practice, ML models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Chawin Sitawarin , Florian Tramèr , Nicholas Carlini

Public intelligent services enabled by machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to model extraction attacks that can steal confidential information of the learning models through public queries. Though there are some protection options…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Haonan Yan , Xiaoguang Li , Hui Li , Jiamin Li , Wenhai Sun , Fenghua Li

High-performance Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly deployed in many real-world applications e.g., cloud prediction APIs. Recent advances in model functionality stealing attacks via black-box access (i.e., inputs in, predictions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Tribhuvanesh Orekondy , Bernt Schiele , Mario Fritz

Recent research demonstrates that GNNs are vulnerable to the model stealing attack, a nefarious endeavor geared towards duplicating the target model via query permissions. However, they mainly focus on node classification tasks, neglecting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Zhihao Zhu , Chenwang Wu , Rui Fan , Yi Yang , Zhen Wang , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen