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Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are emerging as key components of 6G networks, with many already deployed to support large-scale Earth observation and sensing related tasks. Federated Learning (FL) presents a promising paradigm for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Zhuocheng Liu , Zhishu Shen , Qiushi Zheng , Tiehua Zhang , Zheng Lei , Jiong Jin

With the proliferated low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites in mega-constellations, the future Internet will be able to reach any place on Earth, providing high-quality services to everyone. However, high-quality operations in terms of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Peng Hu

Large low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks such as SpaceX's Starlink constellation promise to deliver low-latency, high-bandwidth Internet access with global coverage. As an alternative to terrestrial fiber as a global Internet…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Tobias Pfandzelter , David Bermbach

In this paper, we study the joint computation offloading and resource allocation problem in the two-tier wireless heterogeneous network (HetNet). Our design aims to optimize the computation offloading to the cloud jointly with the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Nguyen Ti Ti , Long Bao Le

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites has brought about significant improvements in wireless communications, characterized by low latency and reduced transmission loss compared to geostationary orbit (GSO) satellites. Ultra-dense LEO satellites…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Trinh Van Chien , Nguyen Minh Quan , Tri Nhu Do , Cuong Le , Tan N. Nguyen , Symeon Chatzinotas

In this paper, we propose scalable distributed beamforming schemes over low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks that rely solely on statistical channel state information for downlink orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. We…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-28 Yuchen Zhang , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

The integration of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations into 5G and Beyond is essential to achieve truly global connectivity. A distinctive characteristic of LEO mega constellations is that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Fabio Saggese , Lintao Li , Petar Popovski

This paper investigates downlink transmission in 5G Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks (ISTNs) supporting automotive users (UEs) in urban environments, where base stations (BSs) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites (LSats) cooperate…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Hung Nguyen-Kha , Vu Nguyen Ha , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas , Joel Grotz

With the increasing attention to the integrated satellite-terrestrial networks (ISTNs), the satellite gateway placement problem becomes of paramount importance. The resulting network performance may vary depending on the different design…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Nariman Torkzaban , Anousheh Gholami , Chrysa Papagianni , John S. Baras

This paper considers LEO satellite- and cache-assisted UAV communications for content delivery in terrestrial networks, which shows great potential for next-generation systems to provide ubiquitous connectivity and high capacity.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Dinh-Hieu Tran , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Ottersten

The increasing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) applications has accelerated the need for robust resource allocation in sixth-generation (6G) networks. In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted upper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Muddasir Rahim , Soumaya Cherkaoui

End-to-end routing in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations (LSatCs) is a complex and dynamic problem. The topology, of finite size, is dynamic and predictable, the traffic from/to Earth and transiting the space segment is highly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Beatriz Soret , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Federico Lozano-Cuadra , Mathias D. Thorsager

Scalability is a major challenge in non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) satellite networks due to the massive number of ground users sharing the limited sub-6 GHz spectrum. Using K- and higher bands is a promising alternative to increase the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Shashi Raj Pandey , Petar Popovski , Fabio Saggese , Beatriz Soret , Cedomir Stefanovic

Edge service caching can effectively reduce the delay or bandwidth overhead for acquiring and initializing applications. To address single-base station (BS) transmission limitation and serious edge effect in traditional cellular-based edge…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-22 Langtian Qin , Hancheng Lu , Yao Lu , Chenwu Zhang , Feng Wu

Due to fundamental limitations on terrestrial quantum links, satellites have received considerable attention for their potential as entanglement generation sources in a global quantum internet. In this work, we focus on the problem of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Athul Ashok , Owen DePoint , Jackson MacDonald , Albert Williams , Don Towsley

Arctic regions, such as northern Canada, face significant challenges in achieving consistent connectivity and low-latency computing services due to the sparse coverage of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. To enhance service reliability in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Mohammed Almekhlafi , Antoine Lesage-Landry , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

In mobile edge computing (MEC) systems, edge service caching refers to pre-storing the necessary programs for executing computation tasks at MEC servers. At resource-constrained edge servers, service caching placement is in general a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Suzhi Bi , Liang Huang , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang

With the construction of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, ubiquitous connectivity has been achieved. Terrestrial networks (TNs), such as cellular networks, are mainly deployed in specific urban areas and use licensed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-12 Bodong Shang , Zheng Wang , Xiangyu Li , Chungang Yang , Chao Ren , Haijun Zhang

This paper examines integrated satellite-terrestrial networks (ISTNs) in urban environments, where terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) share the same frequency band in the C-band which is considered the promising…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-29 Hung Nguyen-Kha , Vu Nguyen Ha , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas , Joel Grotz

To address an ever-increasing demand for ubiquitous high-speed connectivity, mobile network deployments are becoming increasingly dense. However, this densification has also led to a surge in overall energy consumption, making the process…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Henri Alam , Antonio de Domenico , David López-Pérez , Florian Kaltenberger