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We introduce \emph{Adaptive RAG Memory} (ARM), a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework that replaces a static vector index with a \emph{dynamic} memory substrate governed by selective remembrance and decay. Frequently retrieved…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Okan Bursa

A compact, accurate, and bitwidth-programmable in-memory computing (IMC) static random-access memory (SRAM) macro, named CAP-RAM, is presented for energy-efficient convolutional neural network (CNN) inference. It leverages a novel…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Zhiyu Chen , Zhanghao Yu , Qing Jin , Yan He , Jingyu Wang , Sheng Lin , Dai Li , Yanzhi Wang , Kaiyuan Yang

To employ a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in an energy-constrained embedded system, it is critical for the CNN implementation to be highly energy efficient. Many recent studies propose CNN accelerator architectures with custom…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Syed M. A. H. Jafri , Hasan Hassan , Ahmed Hemani , Onur Mutlu

As an emerging non-volatile memory technology, magnetic random access memory (MRAM) has key features and advantages including non-volatility, high speed, endurance, low power consumption and radiation tolerance. Conventional MRAM utilizes…

To support emerging applications ranging from holographic communications to extended reality, next-generation mobile wireless communication systems require ultra-fast and energy-efficient baseband processors. Traditional complementary…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-22 Qunsong Zeng , Jiawei Liu , Mingrui Jiang , Jun Lan , Yi Gong , Zhongrui Wang , Yida Li , Can Li , Jim Ignowski , Kaibin Huang

The increasing computational demand of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) necessitates energy-efficient acceleration strategies. Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures based on Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) offer a promising…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 José Cubero-Cascante , Rebecca Pelke , Noah Flohr , Arunkumar Vaidyanathan , Rainer Leupers , Jan Moritz Joseph

Safe memory reclamation (SMR) algorithms are crucial for preventing use-after-free errors in optimistic data structures. SMR algorithms typically delay reclamation for safety and reclaim objects in batches for efficiency. It is difficult to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Ajay Singh , Trevor Brown , Michael Spear

Herein, a bit-wise Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in-memory accelerator is implemented using Spin-Orbit Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (SOT-MRAM) computational sub-arrays. It utilizes a novel AND-Accumulation method capable of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Arman Roohi , Shaahin Angizi , Deliang Fan , Ronald F DeMara

Binary matrix-vector multiplication (BMVM) is a key operation in post-quantum cryptography schemes like the Classic McEliece cryptosystem. Conventional computing architectures incur significant energy efficiency loss due to data movement of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hao Yue , Yihao Chen , Tianhang Liang , Xiangrui Li , Xin Kong , Zhelong Jiang , Zhigang Li , Gang Chen , Huaxiang Lu

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures have demonstrated great potential in accelerating numerous deep learning tasks. Particularly, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices provide a promising hardware substrate to build PIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Weidong Cao , Yilong Zhao , Adith Boloor , Yinhe Han , Xuan Zhang , Li Jiang

Compute-in-memory (PIM) mitigates the memory wall by performing computation within memory, reducing data movement and improving energy efficiency. DRAM-based PIM is particularly attractive due to its high density, mature manufacturing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Siddhartha Raman Sundara Raman , Siyuan Ma , Lizy Kurian John

Traditional von Neumann architecture based processors become inefficient in terms of energy and throughput as they involve separate processing and memory units, also known as~\textit{memory wall}. The memory wall problem is further…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-20 Abhash Kumar , Jawar Singh , Sai Manohar Beeraka , Bharat Gupta

The electrically readable complex dynamics of robust and scalable magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) offer promising opportunities for advancing neuromorphic computing. In this work, we present an MTJ design with a free layer and two…

Analog processing-using-memory (PUM; a.k.a. in-memory computing) makes use of electrical interactions inside memory arrays to perform bulk matrix-vector multiplication (MVM) operations. However, many popular matrix-based kernels need to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Ryan Wong , Ben Feinberg , Saugata Ghose

RRAM-based in-Memory Computing is an exciting road for implementing highly energy efficient neural networks. This vision is however challenged by RRAM variability, as the efficient implementation of in-memory computing does not allow error…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-02-08 Marc Bocquet , Tifenn Hirztlin , Jacques-Olivier Klein , Etienne Nowak , Elisa Vianello , Jean-Michel Portal , Damien Querlioz

The resurgence of near-memory processing (NMP) with the advent of big data has shifted the computation paradigm from processor-centric to memory-centric computing. To meet the bandwidth and capacity demands of memory-centric computing, 3D…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Pritam Majumder , Jiayi Huang , Sungkeun Kim , Abdullah Muzahid , Dylan Siegers , Chia-Che Tsai , Eun Jung Kim

We present a multiscale simulation framework to compute the current vs. voltage (I-V ) characteristics of metal/oxide/metal structures building the core of conductive bridging random access memory (CBRAM) cells and to shed light on their…

Quantum random access memory (QRAM) is a central primitive for coherent data access in quantum algorithms, yet it remains controversial in practice because the wall-clock cost of "one lookup" can hide routing depth, control overhead, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Leonardo Bohac

In recent times, Resistive RAMs (ReRAMs) have gained significant prominence due to their unique feature of supporting both non-volatile storage and logic capabilities. ReRAM is also reported to provide extremely low power consumption…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Debjyoti Bhattacharjee , Yaswanth Tavva , Arvind Easwaran , Anupam Chattopadhyay

Resistive random access memory (RRAM) is very well known for its potential application in in-memory and neural computing. However, they often have different types of device-to-device and cycle-to-cycle variability. This makes it harder to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Rajalekshmi TR , Rinku Rani Das , Chithra R , Alex James