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Recently, there have been breakthroughs in computer vision ("CV") models that are more generalizable with the advent of models such as CLIP and ALIGN. In this paper, we analyze CLIP and highlight some of the challenges such models pose.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Sandhini Agarwal , Gretchen Krueger , Jack Clark , Alec Radford , Jong Wook Kim , Miles Brundage

Recently, vision-language models like CLIP have advanced the state of the art in a variety of multi-modal tasks including image captioning and caption evaluation. Many approaches leverage CLIP for cross-modal retrieval to condition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Fabian Paischer , Markus Hofmarcher , Sepp Hochreiter , Thomas Adler

Video captioning is a challenging task since it requires generating sentences describing various diverse and complex videos. Existing video captioning models lack adequate visual representation due to the neglect of the existence of gaps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Mingkang Tang , Zhanyu Wang , Zhenhua Liu , Fengyun Rao , Dian Li , Xiu Li

Multi-modal models, such as CLIP, have demonstrated strong performance in aligning visual and textual representations, excelling in tasks like image retrieval and zero-shot classification. Despite this success, the mechanisms by which these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenhao Wang , Adam Dziedzic , Grace C. Kim , Michael Backes , Franziska Boenisch

Photo search, the task of retrieving images based on textual queries, has witnessed significant advancements with the introduction of CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining) model. CLIP leverages a vision-language pre training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Naresh Kumar Lahajal , Harini S

Vision-language models, such as CLIP, have shown promising Out-of-Distribution (OoD) generalization under various types of distribution shifts. Recent studies attempted to investigate the leading cause of this capability. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Reza Abbasi , Mohammad Samiei , Mohammad Hossein Rohban , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Recent studies show that deep vision-only and language-only models--trained on disjoint modalities--nonetheless project their inputs into a partially aligned representational space. Yet we still lack a clear picture of where in each network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Zoe Wanying He , Sean Trott , Meenakshi Khosla

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP)~\citep{radford2021learning} has emerged as a pivotal model in computer vision and multimodal learning, achieving state-of-the-art performance at aligning visual and textual representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Shaoan Xie , Lingjing Kong , Yujia Zheng , Yu Yao , Zeyu Tang , Eric P. Xing , Guangyi Chen , Kun Zhang

Vision-language models, such as contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP), have demonstrated impressive results in natural image domains. However, these models often struggle when applied to specialized domains like remote sensing, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Sangwoo Mo , Minkyu Kim , Kyungmin Lee , Jinwoo Shin

We explore the extent to which zero-shot vision-language models exhibit gender bias for different vision tasks. Vision models traditionally required task-specific labels for representing concepts, as well as finetuning; zero-shot models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Melissa Hall , Laura Gustafson , Aaron Adcock , Ishan Misra , Candace Ross

Image captioning models are usually trained according to human annotated ground-truth captions, which could generate accurate but generic captions. In this paper, we focus on generating distinctive captions that can distinguish the target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Youyuan Zhang , Jiuniu Wang , Hao Wu , Wenjia Xu

Vision-Language Pre-training (VLP) has advanced the performance for many vision-language tasks. However, most existing pre-trained models only excel in either understanding-based tasks or generation-based tasks. Furthermore, performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Junnan Li , Dongxu Li , Caiming Xiong , Steven Hoi

Recent progress has shown that large-scale pre-training using contrastive image-text pairs can be a promising alternative for high-quality visual representation learning from natural language supervision. Benefiting from a broader source of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Yongming Rao , Wenliang Zhao , Guangyi Chen , Yansong Tang , Zheng Zhu , Guan Huang , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has become a foundation model and has been applied to various vision and multimodal tasks. However, recent works indicate that CLIP falls short in distinguishing detailed differences in images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yinqi Li , Jiahe Zhao , Hong Chang , Ruibing Hou , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

In the recent years, the dual-encoder vision-language models (\eg CLIP) have achieved remarkable text-to-image retrieval performance. However, we discover that these models usually results in very different retrievals for a pair of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jiacheng Cheng , Hijung Valentina Shin , Nuno Vasconcelos , Bryan Russell , Fabian Caba Heilbron

Research connecting text and images has recently seen several breakthroughs, with models like CLIP, DALL-E 2, and Stable Diffusion. However, the connection between text and other visual modalities, such as lidar data, has received less…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Georg Hess , Adam Tonderski , Christoffer Petersson , Kalle Åström , Lennart Svensson

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) performs zero-shot image classification by mapping images and textual class representation into a shared embedding space, then retrieving the class closest to the image. This work provides a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Fawaz Sammani , Nikos Deligiannis

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-Training (CLIP) is a popular method for learning multimodal latent spaces with well-organized semantics. Despite its wide range of applications, CLIP's latent space is known to fail at handling complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Raphi Kang , Yue Song , Georgia Gkioxari , Pietro Perona

Most existing Vision-and-Language (V&L) models rely on pre-trained visual encoders, using a relatively small set of manually-annotated data (as compared to web-crawled data), to perceive the visual world. However, it has been observed that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Sheng Shen , Liunian Harold Li , Hao Tan , Mohit Bansal , Anna Rohrbach , Kai-Wei Chang , Zhewei Yao , Kurt Keutzer

Video-text retrieval plays an essential role in multi-modal research and has been widely used in many real-world web applications. The CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training), an image-language pre-training model, has demonstrated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Huaishao Luo , Lei Ji , Ming Zhong , Yang Chen , Wen Lei , Nan Duan , Tianrui Li