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In thermodynamics, a Legendre transformation of the free energy provides a mapping between different statistical ensembles. In this work, we demonstrate that performing a Legendre transformation of the black hole on-shell action is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-06 Liang Ma

We show that the Jaynes principle is indeed a proper inference scheme when applied to compound systems and will correctly produce the entangled maximum entropy states compatible with appropriate data. This is accomplished by including the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 A. K. Rajagopal

We show how the Legendre transforms of the fundamental thermodynamic relation can be used to introduce different statistical ensembles.

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-10-16 S. Stepanow

A thermodynamic framework for asymptotic inference is developed in which sample size and parameter variance define a state space. Within this description, Shannon information plays the role of entropy, and an integrating factor organizes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Willy Wong

When studying the thermodynamic properties of mesoscopic systems the most appropriate microcanonical entropy is the volume entropy, i.e. the logarithm of the volume of phase space enclosed by the hypersurface of constant energy. For systems…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-09-10 Michele Campisi

The thermodynamic maximum principle for the Boltzmann-Gibbs-Shannon (BGS) entropy is reconsidered by combining elements from group and measure theory. Our analysis starts by noting that the BGS entropy is a special case of relative entropy.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-11-26 Jörn Dunkel , Peter Talkner , Peter Hänggi

Microcanonical thermodynamics (MCTh) is contrasted to canonical thermodynamics (CTh). At phase transitions of 1.order the two ensembles are NOT equivalent even in the thermodynamic limit . Energy fluctuations do not vanish and phase…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. H. E. Gross

A pedagogical approach for deriving the statistical mechanical partition function, in a manner that emphasizes the key role of entropy in connecting the microscopic states to thermodynamics, is introduced. The connections between the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-09-10 Jonathan L. Belof , Brian Space

We consider the thermodynamics of a black hole coupled to thermal radiation in a spatially finite (spherical) region. Thermodynamic state functions are derived in the canonical ensemble, defined by elements of radius $r_o$ and boundary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-11-01 David Hochberg

The thermodynamics and microstructure of confined fluids with small particle number are best described using the canonical ensemble. However, practical calculations can usually only be performed in the grand-canonical ensemble, which can…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-03-13 Emmanuel di Bernardo , Joseph Brader

Thermodynamics has recently been extended to small scales with resource theories that model heat exchanges. Real physical systems exchange diverse quantities: heat, particles, angular momentum, etc. We generalize thermodynamic resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-02 Nicole Yunger Halpern , Joseph M. Renes

It is argued that a typical many body energy eigenstate has a well defined thermodynamic entropy and that individual eigenstates possess thermodynamic characteristics analogous to those of generic isolated systems. We examine large systems…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-14 J. M. Deutsch

We introduce axiomatically a complete thermodynamic formalism for a single macromolecule, either with or without detailed balance, in an isothermal ambient fluid based on its stochastic dynamics. With detailed balance, the novel theory…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hong Qian

The Variation After Projection approach is applied for the first time to the pairing hamiltonian to describe the thermodynamics of small systems with fixed particle number. The minimization of the free energy is made by a direct…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-04 Danilo Gambacurta , Denis Lacroix

The microcanonical ensemble is in important physical situations different from the canonical one even in the thermodynamic limit. In contrast to the canonical ensemble it does not suppress spatially inhomogeneous configurations like phase…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 D. H. E. Gross , M. E. Madjet

The entropy production of an open system coupled to a reservoir initialized in a canonical state can be expressed as a sum of two microscopic information-theoretic contributions: the system-bath mutual information and the relative entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-05-18 Krzysztof Ptaszynski , Massimiliano Esposito

Thermodynamic entropy is determined by a heat measurement through the Clausius equality. The entropy then formalizes a fundamental limitation of operations by the second law of thermodynamics. The entropy is also expressed as the Shannon…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-17 Shin-ichi Sasa

We present an argument which purports to show that the use of the standard Legendre transform in non-additive Statistical Mechanics is not appropriate. For concreteness, we use as paradigm, the case of systems which are conjecturally…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-08-02 Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos

We discuss that the thermodynamical Legendre transform structure can be retained not only for the arbitrary entropic form but also for the arbitrary form of the energy constraints by following the discussion of Plastino and Plastino. The…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Takuya Yamano

A microscopic definition of the thermodynamic entropy in an isolated quantum system must satisfy (i) additivity, (ii) extensivity and (iii) the second law of thermodynamics. We show that the diagonal entropy, which is the Shannon entropy in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-30 Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda , Naoyuki Sakumichi , Anatoli Polkovnikov , Masahito Ueda