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The heavy-tailed behavior of the generalized extreme-value distribution makes it a popular choice for modeling extreme events such as floods, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires, etc. However, estimating the distribution's parameters using…

Despite its shortcomings, cross-level or ecological inference remains a necessary part of some areas of quantitative inference, including in United States voting rights litigation. Ecological inference suffers from a lack of identification…

Applications · Statistics 2011-01-06 D. James Greiner , Kevin M. Quinn

Event attribution in the context of climate change seeks to understand the role of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on extreme weather events, either specific events or classes of events. A common approach to event attribution uses…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-06 Christopher J. Paciorek , Dáithí A. Stone , Michael F. Wehner

Verifying probabilistic forecasts for extreme events is a highly active research area because popular media and public opinions are naturally focused on extreme events, and biased conclusions are readily made. In this context, classical…

In a wide variety of sequential decision making problems, it can be important to estimate the impact of rare events in order to minimize risk exposure. A popular risk measure is the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), which is commonly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-11 Dylan Troop , Frédéric Godin , Jia Yuan Yu

Motivated by the Extreme Value Analysis 2021 (EVA 2021) data challenge we propose a method based on statistics and machine learning for the spatial prediction of extreme wildfire frequencies and sizes. This method is tailored to handle…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-04 Daniela Cisneros , Yan Gong , Rishikesh Yadav , Arnab Hazra , Raphael Huser

Ensuring safety is a critical challenge in applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to real-world scenarios. Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL) addresses this by maximizing returns under predefined constraints, typically formulated as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shiqing Gao , Yihang Zhou , Shuai Shao , Haoyu Luo , Yiheng Bing , Jiaxin Ding , Luoyi Fu , Xinbing Wang

Classification tasks usually assume that all possible classes are present during the training phase. This is restrictive if the algorithm is used over a long time and possibly encounters samples from unknown classes. The recently introduced…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-18 Edoardo Vignotto , Sebastian Engelke

The analysis of extremes in climate models is hindered by the lack of statistics due to the computational costs required to run simulations long enough to sample rare events. We demonstrate how rare event algorithms can improve the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Francesco Ragone , Freddy Bouchet

Observed accidents have been the main resource for road safety analysis over the past decades. Although such reliance seems quite straightforward, the rare nature of these events has made safety difficult to assess, especially for new and…

Applications · Statistics 2019-11-22 Joana Cavadas , Carlos Lima Azevedo , Haneen Farah , Ana Ferreira

Modelling dependencies between climate extremes is important for climate risk assessment, for instance when allocating emergency management funds. In statistics, multivariate extreme value theory is often used to model spatial extremes.…

We propose and compare methods for the analysis of extreme events in complex systems governed by PDEs that involve random parameters, in situations where we are interested in quantifying the probability that a scalar function of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Shanyin Tong , Eric Vanden-Eijnden , Georg Stadler

Extreme event attribution characterizes how anthropogenic climate change may have influenced the probability and magnitude of selected individual extreme weather and climate events. Attribution statements often involve quantification of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-06 Soyoung Jeon , Christopher J. Paciorek , Michael F. Wehner

Prediction of quantiles at extreme tails is of interest in numerous applications. Extreme value modelling provides various competing predictors for this point prediction problem. A common method of assessment of a set of competing…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-30 Axel Gandy , Kaushik Jana , Almut E. D. Veraart

This thesis is devoted to the study of extreme value statistics in stochastic processes and their applications. In the first part, we obtain exact analytical results on the extreme value statistics of both discrete-time and continuous-time…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-10-24 Benjamin De Bruyne

This book provides a comprehensive introduction for the study of extreme events in the context of dynamical systems. The introduction provides a broad overview of the interdisciplinary research area of extreme events, underlining its…

Conventional survival analysis approaches estimate risk scores or individualized time-to-event distributions conditioned on covariates. In practice, there is often great population-level phenotypic heterogeneity, resulting from (unknown)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-03 Paidamoyo Chapfuwa , Chunyuan Li , Nikhil Mehta , Lawrence Carin , Ricardo Henao

Being the limits of copulas of componentwise maxima in independent random samples, extreme-value copulas can be considered to provide appropriate models for the dependence structure between rare events. Extreme-value copulas not only arise…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-12-07 Gordon Gudendorf , Johan Segers

Understanding multivariate extreme events play a crucial role in managing the risks of complex systems since extremes are governed by their own mechanisms. Conditional on a given variable exceeding a high threshold (e.g.\ traffic…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-28 Valentin Courgeau , Almut E. D. Veraart

Multivariate extreme value models are used to estimate joint risk in a number of applications, with a particular focus on environmental fields ranging from climatology and hydrology to oceanography and seismic hazards. The semi-parametric…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-08 Ross Towe , Jonathan Tawn , Rob Lamb , Chris Sherlock
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