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The goal of domain generalization (DG) is to enhance the generalization capability of the model learned from a source domain to other unseen domains. The recently developed Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) method aims to achieve this goal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Pengfei Wang , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Zhen Lei , Lei Zhang

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has emerged as a promising alternative optimizer to stochastic gradient descent (SGD). The originally-proposed motivation behind SAM was to bias neural networks towards flatter minima that are believed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Jacob Mitchell Springer , Vaishnavh Nagarajan , Aditi Raghunathan

Domain generalization (DG) aims to learn models that perform well on unseen target domains by training on multiple source domains. Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM), known for finding flat minima that improve generalization, has therefore…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-01 Youngjun Song , Youngsik Hwang , Jonghun Lee , Heechang Lee , Dong-Young Lim

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) aims to improve the generalisation of gradient-based learning by seeking out flat minima. In this work, we establish connections between SAM and Mean-Field Variational Inference (MFVI) of neural network…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-20 Szilvia Ujváry , Zsigmond Telek , Anna Kerekes , Anna Mészáros , Ferenc Huszár

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has been instrumental in improving deep neural network training by minimizing both training loss and loss sharpness. Despite the practical success, the mechanisms behind SAM's generalization enhancements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Tao Li , Pan Zhou , Zhengbao He , Xinwen Cheng , Xiaolin Huang

Loss landscape analysis is extremely useful for a deeper understanding of the generalization ability of deep neural network models. In this work, we propose a layerwise loss landscape analysis where the loss surface at every layer is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Adepu Ravi Sankar , Yash Khasbage , Rahul Vigneswaran , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is an optimization method that improves generalization performance of machine learning models. Despite its superior generalization, SAM has not been actively used in real-world applications due to its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Junhyuk Jo , Jihyun Lim , Sunwoo Lee

The Sharpness Aware Minimization (SAM) optimization algorithm has been shown to control large eigenvalues of the loss Hessian and provide generalization benefits in a variety of settings. The original motivation for SAM was a modified loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Atish Agarwala , Yann N. Dauphin

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has attracted considerable attention for its effectiveness in improving generalization in deep neural network training by explicitly minimizing sharpness in the loss landscape. Its success, however, relies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Sungbin Shin , Dongyeop Lee , Maksym Andriushchenko , Namhoon Lee

Recently, Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) algorithm has shown state-of-the-art generalization abilities in vision tasks. It demonstrates that flat minima tend to imply better generalization abilities. However, it has some difficulty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Zhiyuan Zhang , Ruixuan Luo , Qi Su , Xu Sun

Modern neural networks are undeniably successful. Numerous studies have investigated how the curvature of loss landscapes can affect the quality of solutions. In this work we consider the Hessian matrix during network training. We reiterate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Lawrence Wang , Stephen J. Roberts

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) is to improve model generalization by searching for flat minima in the loss landscape. The SAM update consists of one step for computing the perturbation and the other for computing the update gradient.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Xuehao Wang , Weisen Jiang , Shuai Fu , Yu Zhang

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has emerged as a promising approach for effectively reducing the generalization error. However, SAM incurs twice the computational cost compared to base optimizer (e.g., SGD). We propose Asymptotic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Jiaxin Deng , Junbiao Pang , Baochang Zhang

Dataset condensation aims to synthesize datasets with a few representative samples that can effectively represent the original datasets. This enables efficient training and produces models with performance close to those trained on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Boyan Gao , Bo Zhao , Shreyank N Gowda , Xingrun Xing , Yibo Yang , Timothy Hospedales , David A. Clifton

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is widely used to seek flatter minima -- often linked to better generalization. In its standard implementation, SAM updates the current iterate using the loss gradient evaluated at a point perturbed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chanwoong Park , Uijeong Jang , Ernest K. Ryu , Insoon Yang

Flatness of the loss curve around a model at hand has been shown to empirically correlate with its generalization ability. Optimizing for flatness has been proposed as early as 1994 by Hochreiter and Schmidthuber, and was followed by more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Linara Adilova , Amr Abourayya , Jianning Li , Amin Dada , Henning Petzka , Jan Egger , Jens Kleesiek , Michael Kamp

Proper regularization is critical for speeding up training, improving generalization performance, and learning compact models that are cost efficient. We propose and analyze regularized gradient descent algorithms for learning shallow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Samet Oymak

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is an effective method for improving generalization ability by regularizing loss sharpness. In this paper, we explore SAM in the context of adversarial robustness. We find that using only SAM can achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Zeming Wei , Jingyu Zhu , Yihao Zhang

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has been shown to improve the generalization of neural networks. However, each SAM update requires \emph{sequentially} computing two gradients, effectively doubling the per-iteration cost compared to base…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Wanyun Xie , Thomas Pethick , Volkan Cevher

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has been demonstrated to improve the generalization performance of overparameterized models by seeking flat minima on the loss landscape through optimizing model parameters that incur the largest loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Tian Li , Tianyi Zhou , Jeffrey A. Bilmes