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It has been established in both high and low spacetime dimensions that existing constructions of entanglement islands, at least in the study of black holes, are all in the context of massive gravity. In fact, later studies realized that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-30 Hao Geng

In ordinary gravitational theories, any local bulk operator in an entanglement wedge is accompanied by a long-range gravitational dressing that extends to the asymptotic part of the wedge. Islands are the only known examples of entanglement…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-16 Hao Geng , Andreas Karch , Carlos Perez-Pardavila , Suvrat Raju , Lisa Randall , Marcos Riojas , Sanjit Shashi

It has been suggested in recent work that the Page curve of Hawking radiation can be recovered using computations in semi-classical gravity provided one allows for "islands" in the gravity region of quantum systems coupled to gravity. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-01 Ahmed Almheiri , Raghu Mahajan , Jorge E. Santos

We comment on the role of the graviton mass in recent calculations of the Page curve using holographic ideas. All reliable calculations of the Page curve in more than 2+1 spacetime dimensions have been performed in systems with massive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-10-28 Hao Geng , Andreas Karch

The consideration of timelike boundaries in de Sitter static patches has a broad motivation, such as the formulation of a well-defined canonical ensemble and the realization of a natural framework for static patch holography. In this work…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-17 Timofei Rusalev

Many experiments have recently been proposed to test whether non-relativistic gravitational interactions can generate entanglement. In this note, I consider the extent to which these experiments can test if the graviton exists. Assuming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-11 Daniel Carney

All existing quantum gravity proposals share the same deep problem. Their predictions are extremely hard to test in practice. Quantum effects in the gravitational field are exceptionally small, unlike those in the electromagnetic field. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-20 Chiara Marletto , Vlatko Vedral

Gravity's quantum nature can be probed in a laboratory by witnessing the entanglement between the two quantum systems, which cannot be possible if gravity is a classical entity. In this paper, we will provide a simple example where we can…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-26 Shafaq Gulzar Elahi , Anupam Mazumdar

Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity in two-dimensional de Sitter space is an intriguing toy model for a quantum mechanical description of an inflationary phase of the universe, including initial conditions. Starting from exact solutions of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-01 Wilfried Buchmuller , Alexander Westphal

In this work, we revisit the problem of finding entanglement islands in 2d Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity. We implement the following adjustments to the traditional setup: (1) we do not explicitly couple to a non-gravitating system, instead…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-16 Julian De Vuyst , Thomas G. Mertens

Entanglement islands have played a key role in the recent derivation of the Page curve and other progress on the black hole information problem. Arising from the inclusion of connected wormhole saddles in a gravitational replica trick,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-06 Stefano Antonini , Chang-Han Chen , Henry Maxfield , Geoff Penington

In this note, we attempt to provide some insights into the structure of non-perturbative descriptions of quantum gravity using known examples of gauge-theory / gravity duality. We argue that in familiar examples, a quantum description of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-03-24 Mark Van Raamsdonk

Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity is a 1+1-dimensional toy model for quantum gravity in four spacetime dimensions. In the absence of matter, JT gravity is a topological field theory and there are no local observables. The introduction of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-04 Wolfgang Wieland

A general geometrical structure of the entanglement entropy for spatial partition of a relativistic QFT system is established by using methods of the effective gravity action and the spectral geometry. A special attention is payed to the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Dmitri V. Fursaev

A quantum extremal island suggests that a region of spacetime is encoded in the quantum state of another system, like the encoding of the black hole interior in Hawking radiation. We study conditions for islands to appear in general…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-11-24 Thomas Hartman , Yikun Jiang , Edgar Shaghoulian

Due to the weakness of gravitational coupling, all quantum experiments up to date in which gravity plays a role utilized the field of the Earth. Since this field undergoes practically undetectable back-action from quantum particles, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-16 Ankit Kumar

We study closed universes in simple models of two dimensional gravity, such as Jackiw-Teiteilboim (JT) gravity coupled to matter, and a toy topological model that captures the key features of the former. We find there is a stark contrast,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-08-16 Mykhaylo Usatyuk , Zi-Yue Wang , Ying Zhao

Theoretical data obtained from physically sensible field and string theory models suggest that gravitational Effective Field Theories (EFTs) live on islands that are tiny compared to current general bounds determined from unitarity,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-08 Zvi Bern , Enrico Herrmann , Dimitrios Kosmopoulos , Radu Roiban

We show that a partially massless graviton can propagate on a large set of spacetimes which are not Einstein spacetimes. Starting from a recently constructed theory for a massive graviton that propagates the correct number of degrees of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-08-31 Laura Bernard , Cedric Deffayet , Kurt Hinterbichler , Mikael von Strauss

We argue that if the Newtonian gravitational field of a body can mediate entanglement with another body, then it should also be possible for the body producing the Newtonian field to entangle directly with on-shell gravitons. Our arguments…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-10 Daine L. Danielson , Gautam Satishchandran , Robert M. Wald
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