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Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a potent tool for sequential decision-making and has achieved performance surpassing human capabilities across many challenging real-world tasks. As the extension of RL in the multi-agent system domain,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Ruiqi Zhang , Jing Hou , Florian Walter , Shangding Gu , Jiayi Guan , Florian Röhrbein , Yali Du , Panpan Cai , Guang Chen , Alois Knoll

Scenario generation is one of the essential steps in scenario-based testing and, therefore, a significant part of the verification and validation of driver assistance functions and autonomous driving systems. However, the term scenario…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Barbara Schütt , Joshua Ransiek , Thilo Braun , Eric Sax

Evaluating and improving planning for autonomous vehicles requires scalable generation of long-tail traffic scenarios. To be useful, these scenarios must be realistic and challenging, but not impossible to drive through safely. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Davis Rempe , Jonah Philion , Leonidas J. Guibas , Sanja Fidler , Or Litany

Automated driving vehicles~(ADV) promise to enhance driving efficiency and safety, yet they face intricate challenges in safety-critical scenarios. As a result, validating ADV within generated safety-critical scenarios is essential for both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Kunkun Hao , Lu Liu , Wen Cui , Jianxing Zhang , Songyang Yan , Yuxi Pan , Zijiang Yang

To guarantee the safety and reliability of autonomous vehicle (AV) systems, corner cases play a crucial role in exploring the system's behavior under rare and challenging conditions within simulation environments. However, current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Qiujing Lu , Meng Ma , Ximiao Dai , Xuanhan Wang , Shuo Feng

Simulation models for perception sensors are integral components of automotive simulators used for the virtual Verification and Validation (V\&V) of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS). These models also serve as powerful tools for generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Hamed Haghighi , Mehrdad Dianati , Valentina Donzella , Kurt Debattista

Continual learning refers to the ability of humans and animals to incrementally learn over time in a given environment. Trying to simulate this learning process in machines is a challenging task, also due to the inherent difficulty in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Enrico Meloni , Alessandro Betti , Lapo Faggi , Simone Marullo , Matteo Tiezzi , Stefano Melacci

Detecting a diverse range of objects under various driving scenarios is essential for the effectiveness of autonomous driving systems. However, the real-world data collected often lacks the necessary diversity presenting a long-tail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Aqeel Anwar , Tae Eun Choe , Zian Wang , Sanja Fidler , Minwoo Park

Generating realistic and diverse trajectories is a critical challenge in autonomous driving simulation. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise, existing methods often rely on structured data like vectorized maps, which fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Mingxuan Mu , Guo Yang , Lei Chen , Ping Wu , Jianxun Cui

Reinforcement learning (RL) in autonomous driving employs a trial-and-error mechanism, enhancing robustness in unpredictable environments. However, crafting effective reward functions remains challenging, as conventional approaches rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yongming Chen , Miner Chen , Liewen Liao , Mingyang Jiang , Xiang Zuo , Hengrui Zhang , Yuchen Xi , Songan Zhang

In multi-agent based traffic simulation, agents are always supposed to move following existing instructions, and mechanically and unnaturally imitate human behavior. The human drivers perform acceleration or deceleration irregularly all the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Junjie Zhong , Hiromitsu Hattori

Autonomous vehicles inevitably encounter a vast array of scenarios in real-world environments. Addressing long-tail scenarios, particularly those involving intensive interactions with numerous traffic participants, remains one of the most…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Guanzhou Li , Jianping Wu , Yujing He

Existing lane-level simulation road network generation is labor-intensive, resource-demanding, and costly due to the need for large-scale data collection and manual post-editing. To overcome these limitations, we propose automatically…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Liang Xie , Wenke Huang

Roundabouts, characterized by frequent merging and yielding interactions, remain a safety-critical corner case for the development and testing of intelligent driving functions. However, extracting sufficient near-critical scenarios from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Li Li , Till Temmen , Tobias Brinkmann , Björn Krautwig , Markus Eisenbarth , Jakob Andert

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a powerful strategy for improving the factual accuracy of models by retrieving external knowledge relevant to queries and incorporating it into the generation process. However, existing approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Soyeong Jeong , Kangsan Kim , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang

Autonomous driving faces critical challenges in rare long-tail events and complex multi-agent interactions, which are scarce in real-world data yet essential for robust safety validation. This paper presents a high-fidelity scenario…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuhang Wang , Heye Huang , Zhenhua Xu , Kailai Sun , Baoshen Guo , Jinhua Zhao

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are becoming increasingly popular, with their applications now extending beyond just a mode of transportation to serving as mobile actuators of a traffic flow to control flow dynamics. This contrasts with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Vindula Jayawardana , Sirui Li , Yashar Farid , Cathy Wu

Advancements in model algorithms, the growth of foundational models, and access to high-quality datasets have propelled the evolution of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC). Despite its notable successes, AIGC still faces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Penghao Zhao , Hailin Zhang , Qinhan Yu , Zhengren Wang , Yunteng Geng , Fangcheng Fu , Ling Yang , Wentao Zhang , Jie Jiang , Bin Cui

Generating representative rear-end crash scenarios is crucial for safety assessments of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving systems (ADS). However, existing methods for scenario generation face challenges such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Jian Wu , Carol Flannagan , Ulrich Sander , Jonas Bärgman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced artificial intelligence by enabling human-like text generation and natural language understanding. However, their reliance on static training data limits their ability to respond to dynamic,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Aditi Singh , Abul Ehtesham , Saket Kumar , Tala Talaei Khoei , Athanasios V. Vasilakos