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Multiple data types naturally co-occur when describing real-world phenomena and learning from them is a long-standing goal in machine learning research. However, existing self-supervised generative models approximating an ELBO are not able…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Thomas M. Sutter , Imant Daunhawer , Julia E. Vogt

While Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) internalize a great amount of world knowledge, they have been shown incapable of recalling these knowledge to solve tasks requiring complex & multi-step reasoning. Similar to how humans develop a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Boshi Wang , Xiang Deng , Huan Sun

In-context learning (ICL) involves reasoning from given contextual examples. As more modalities comes, this procedure is becoming more challenging as the interleaved input modalities convolutes the understanding process. This is exemplified…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yixin Chen , Shuai Zhang , Boran Han , Jiaya Jia

Large transformer models have been shown to be capable of performing in-context learning. By using examples in a prompt as well as a query, they are capable of performing tasks such as few-shot, one-shot, or zero-shot learning to output the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Antony Zhao , Alex Proshkin , Fergal Hennessy , Francesco Crivelli

Despite the remarkable success of foundation models, their task-specific fine-tuning paradigm makes them inconsistent with the goal of general perception modeling. The key to eliminating this inconsistency is to use generalist models for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Hao Li , Jinguo Zhu , Xiaohu Jiang , Xizhou Zhu , Hongsheng Li , Chun Yuan , Xiaohua Wang , Yu Qiao , Xiaogang Wang , Wenhai Wang , Jifeng Dai

The recent success of Transformers in the language domain has motivated adapting it to a multimodal setting, where a new visual model is trained in tandem with an already pretrained language model. However, due to the excessive memory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Sangho Lee , Youngjae Yu , Gunhee Kim , Thomas Breuel , Jan Kautz , Yale Song

Open-source multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown significant potential in a broad range of multimodal tasks. However, their reasoning capabilities remain constrained by existing instruction-tuning datasets, which were…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jarvis Guo , Tuney Zheng , Yuelin Bai , Bo Li , Yubo Wang , King Zhu , Yizhi Li , Graham Neubig , Wenhu Chen , Xiang Yue

The ability to organically reason over and with both text and images is a pillar of human intelligence, yet the ability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to perform such multimodal reasoning remains under-explored. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Yunzhuo Hao , Jiawei Gu , Huichen Will Wang , Linjie Li , Zhengyuan Yang , Lijuan Wang , Yu Cheng

In-context learning (ICL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to learn tasks from demonstration examples without parameter updates. Although it has been extensively studied in LLMs, its effectiveness in Vision-Language Models (VLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Gabriel O. dos Santos , Esther Colombini , Sandra Avila

Planning with generative models has emerged as an effective decision-making paradigm across a wide range of domains, including reinforcement learning and autonomous navigation. While continuous replanning at each timestep might seem…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Pascal Jutras-Dubé , Ruqi Zhang , Aniket Bera

Supervised multi-modal learning involves mapping multiple modalities to a target label. Previous studies in this field have concentrated on capturing in isolation either the inter-modality dependencies (the relationships between different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Divyam Madaan , Taro Makino , Sumit Chopra , Kyunghyun Cho

Scaling data and artificial neural networks has transformed AI, driving breakthroughs in language and vision. Whether similar principles apply to modeling brain activity remains unclear. Here we leveraged a dataset of 3.1 million neurons…

Large language models exhibit a remarkable capacity for in-context learning, where they learn to solve tasks given a few examples. Recent work has shown that transformers can be trained to perform simple regression tasks in-context. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Hrayr Harutyunyan , Rafayel Darbinyan , Samvel Karapetyan , Hrant Khachatrian

In recent years, pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in achieving an inference-time few-shot learning capability known as in-context learning. However, existing literature has highlighted the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Xinyi Wang , Wanrong Zhu , Michael Saxon , Mark Steyvers , William Yang Wang

We introduce MMCL-Bench, a benchmark for multimodal context learning: learning task-local rules, procedures, and empirical patterns from visual or mixed-modality teaching context and applying them to new visual instances. Unlike text-only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yifan Chen , Fei Yin , Qingyan Bai , Zicheng Lin , Yujiu Yang

We present a novel 4.5B parameter small language model that can handle multiple input and output modalities, including text, images, videos, and audio. Despite its small size, the model achieves near state-of-the-art performance on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ben Koska , Mojmír Horváth

Ecological rationality refers to the notion that humans are rational agents adapted to their environment. However, testing this theory remains challenging due to two reasons: the difficulty in defining what tasks are ecologically valid and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Akshay K. Jagadish , Julian Coda-Forno , Mirko Thalmann , Eric Schulz , Marcel Binz

Embodied agents operating in the physical world must make decisions that are not only effective but also safe, spatially coherent, and grounded in context. While recent advances in large multimodal models (LMMs) have shown promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Dinura Dissanayake , Ahmed Heakl , Omkar Thawakar , Noor Ahsan , Ritesh Thawkar , Ketan More , Jean Lahoud , Rao Anwer , Hisham Cholakkal , Ivan Laptev , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Salman Khan

Energy based models (EBMs) are appealing due to their generality and simplicity in likelihood modeling, but have been traditionally difficult to train. We present techniques to scale MCMC based EBM training on continuous neural networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Yilun Du , Igor Mordatch

Developing agents that can follow multimodal instructions remains a fundamental challenge in robotics and AI. Although large-scale pre-training on unlabeled datasets (no language instruction) has enabled agents to learn diverse behaviors,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Shaofei Cai , Bowei Zhang , Zihao Wang , Haowei Lin , Xiaojian Ma , Anji Liu , Yitao Liang