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The decomposition of complex quantum operations into experimentally feasible gate sets has been a central challenge since the early development of quantum computing. The multi-controlled Toffoli (MCT) gate is a key example, with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Spyros Tserkis , Muhammad Umer , Eleftherios Mastorakis , Dimitris G. Angelakis

In quantum computation, optimizing depth and number of ancillary qubits in quantum circuits is crucial due to constraints imposed by current quantum devices. This paper presents an innovative approach to implementing arbitrary symmetric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Wei Zi , Junhong Nie , Xiaoming Sun

Quantum gates, which are the essential building blocks of quantum computers, are very fragile. Thus, to realize robust quantum gates with high fidelity is the ultimate goal of quantum manipulation. Here, we propose a nonadiabatic geometric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-15 Jing Xu , Sai Li , Tao Chen , Zheng-Yuan Xue

Linear optical quantum computation (LOQC) offers a promising platform for scalable quantum information processing, but its scalability is fundamentally constrained by the probabilistic nature of non-local entangling gates. Qudit circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Apurav , Jaskaran Singh

The best known size lower bounds against unrestricted circuits have remained around $3n$ for several decades. Moreover, the only known technique for proving lower bounds in this model, gate elimination, is inherently limited to proving…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Alexander Golovnev , Alexander S. Kulikov , R. Ryan Williams

Let $ACC \circ THR$ be the class of constant-depth circuits comprised of AND, OR, and MOD$m$ gates (for some constant $m > 1$), with a bottom layer of gates computing arbitrary linear threshold functions. This class of circuits can be seen…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-01-13 Ryan Williams

With the successful demonstration of transversal CNOTs in many recent experiments, it is the right moment to examine its implications on one of the most critical parts of fault-tolerant computation -- magic state preparation. Using an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Nicholas Fazio , Mark Webster , Zhenyu Cai

We perform optimal-control-theory calculations to determine the minimum number of two-qubit CNOT gates needed to perform quantum state preparation and unitary operator synthesis for few-qubit systems. By considering all possible gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Sahel Ashhab , Naoki Yamamoto , Fumiki Yoshihara , Kouichi Semba

Quantum circuit synthesis describes the process of converting arbitrary unitary operations into a gate sequence of a fixed universal gate set, usually defined by the operations native to a given hardware platform. Most current synthesis…

Efficiently implementing Clifford circuits is crucial for quantum error correction and quantum algorithms. Linear reversible circuits, equivalent to circuits composed of CNOT gates, have important applications in classical computing. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Mark Webster , Stergios Koutsioumpas , Dan E Browne

We study the problem of CNOT-optimal quantum circuit synthesis over gate sets consisting of CNOT and Z-basis rotations of arbitrary angles. We show that the circuit-polynomial correspondence relates such circuits to Fourier expansions of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-29 Matthew Amy , Parsiad Azimzadeh , Michele Mosca

We present a method for optimizing quantum circuit compilation by automating the allocation of auxiliary qubits for multi-qubit gate decompositions. This approach is implemented and evaluated within the high-level quantum programming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Evandro C. R. Rosa , Jerusa Marchi , Eduardo I. Duzzioni , Rafael de Santiago

Quantum circuits currently constitute a dominant model for quantum computation. Our work addresses the problem of constructing quantum circuits to implement an arbitrary given quantum computation, in the special case of two qubits. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Stephen S. Bullock , Igor L. Markov

Quantum state preparation, also known as encoding or embedding, is a crucial initial step in many quantum algorithms and often constrains theoretical quantum speedup in fields such as quantum machine learning and linear equation solvers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Vittorio Pagni , Gary Schmiedinghoff , Kevin Lively , Michael Epping , Michael Felderer

In an ordinary quantum algorithm the gates are applied in a fixed order on the systems. The introduction of indefinite causal structures allows to relax this constraint and control the order of the gates with an additional quantum state. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Martin J. Renner , Časlav Brukner

The resource overhead required to achieve net computational benefits from quantum error correction (QEC) limits its utility while current systems remain constrained in size, despite exceptional progress in experimental demonstrations. In…

Quantum computing has garnered significant interest for its potential to solve certain computational problems much faster than the best-known classical algorithms. A fully functional and scalable quantum computer could transform various…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 M. AbuGhanem

We demonstrate that the unbounded fan-out gate is very powerful. Constant-depth polynomial-size quantum circuits with bounded fan-in and unbounded fan-out over a fixed basis (denoted by QNCf^0) can approximate with polynomially small error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-10 Peter Hoyer , Robert Spalek

Qudit-based quantum gates in high-dimensional Hilbert space can provide a viable route towards effectively accelerating the speed of quantum computing and performing complex quantum logic operations. In the paper, we propose a 2-qudit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-19 Gang Fan , Fang-Fang Du

Cat qubits have emerged as a promising candidate for quantum computation due to their higher error-correction thresholds and low resource overheads. In existing literature, the detuning of the two-photon drive is assumed to be zero for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-31 A. Schlabes , R. Bhowmick , M. H. Ansari
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