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Associated to a graph $G$ is a set $\mathcal{S}(G)$ of all real-valued symmetric matrices whose off-diagonal entries are nonzero precisely when the corresponding vertices of the graph are adjacent, and the diagonal entries are free to be…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-03 Mohammad Adm , Shaun Fallat , Karen Meagher , Shahla Nasserasr , Sarah Plosker , Boting Yang

In this paper, we develop two approaches to investigation of inverse spectral problems for a new class of nonlocal operators on metric graphs. The Laplace differential operator is considered on a star-shaped graph with nonlocal integral…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-02 Natalia P. Bondarenko

We show that, for any given $k \ge 2$, every sufficiently large number appears as the Steiner--Wiener $k$ index of a graph.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Christian Bernert , Joshua Shaw

Our focus is upon {\it irreducible} nonnegative $n$-by-$n$ matrix realizations of nonnegatively realizable spectra or, equivalently, characteristic polynomials. After giving some general background, we make some useful new observations and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-25 C. R. Johnson , C. Marijuán , M. Pisonero

The Mapper algorithm is a popular tool for visualization and data exploration in topological data analysis. We investigate an inverse problem for the Mapper algorithm: Given a dataset $X$ and a graph $G$, does there exist a set of Mapper…

The nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem (NIEP) is shown to be solvable by the reality condition, spectrum equal to its conjugate, as well as by a finite union and intersection of polynomial inequalities. It is also shown that the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-07-22 Jared J. L. Brannan , Benjamin J. Clark

The graph isomorphism (GI) problem, which asks whether two graphs are structurally identical, occupies a unique position in computational complexity -- it is neither known to be solvable in polynomial time, nor proven to be NP-complete. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Wenjie Xiao , Mathieu Besançon , Patrick Gelß , Deborah Hendrych , Stefan Klus , Sebastian Pokutta

We present an extension of two policy-iteration based algorithms on weighted graphs (viz., Markov Decision Problems and Max-Plus Algebras). This extension allows us to solve the following inverse problem: considering the weights of the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-11-18 Laurent Fribourg , Etienne André

We study the following inverse graph-theoretic problem: how many vertices should a graph have given that it has a specified value of some parameter. We obtain asymptotic for the minimal number of vertices of the graph with the given number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-11-21 Alex Dainiak

A large number of graph invariants of the form $\sum_{uv \in E(G)} F(d_u,d_v)$ are studied in mathematical chemistry, where $uv$ denotes the edge of the graph $G$ connecting the vertices $u$ and $v$, and $d_u$ is the degree of the vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-07 Walter Carballosa , J. A. Mendez-Bermudez , Jose M. Rodriguez , Jose M. Sigarreta

We demonstrate how the inverse scattering problem of a quantum star graph can be solved by means of diagonalization of Hermitian unitary matrix when the vertex coupling is of the scale invariant (or F\"ul\H{o}p-Tsutsui) form. This enables…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-22 Taksu Cheon , Pavel Exner , Ondrej Turek

An efficient method has been developed for solving the inverse problem of Doppler-Zeeman mapping of magnetic, chemically peculiar stars. A regularized iteration method is used to simultaneously solve the integral equations for the Stokes I,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. V. Vasil'chenko , V. V. Stepanov , V. L. Khokhlova

The problem of reconstruction of an unknown refractive index $k(x)$ of an inhomogeneous solid $P$ is considered. The refractive index is assumed to be a piecewise-H\"{o}lder function The original boundary value problem for the Helmholtz…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-03-14 Mikhail Medvedik , Yury Smirnov , Aleksei Tsupak

A nonlinear generalisation of the PageRank problem involving the Moore-Penrose inverse of an incidence matrix is developed for local graph partitioning purposes. The Levenberg-Marquardt method with a full rank Jacobian variant provides a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Costy Kodsi , Dimosthenis Pasadakis

An inverse problem is considered for an inhomogeneous Schr\"odinger equation. Assuming that the potential vanishes outside a finite interval and satisfies some other technical assumptions, one proves the uniqueness of the recovery of this…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 A. G. Ramm

Given a set of integers, one can easily construct the set of their pairwise distances. We consider the inverse problem: given a set of pairwise distances, find the integer set which realizes the pairwise distance set. This problem arises in…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Kishore Jaganathan , Babak Hassibi

The vertex-edge incidence matrix of a (connected) unicyclic graph G is a square matrix which is invertible if and only if the cycle of G is an odd cycle. A combinatorial formula of the inverse of the incidence matrix of an odd unicyclic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-10 Ryan Hessert , Sudipta Mallik

A discrete Schr\"odinger operator of a graph $G$ is a real symmetric matrix whose $i,j$-entry, $i \neq j$, is negative if $\{i,j\}$ is an edge and zero if it is not an edge, while diagonal entries can be any real numbers. The discrete…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Anzila Laikhuram , Jephian C. -H. Lin

Line graphs are an alternative representation of graphs where each vertex of the original (root) graph becomes an edge. However not all graphs have a corresponding root graph, hence the transformation from graphs to line graphs is not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-10 Sevvandi Kandanaarachchi , Philip Kilby , Cheng Soon Ong

The ring of graph invariants is spanned by the basic graph invariants which calculate the number of subgraphs isomorphic to a given graph in other graphs. These subgraphs counting invariants are not algebraically independent. In our view…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-12-11 Tomi Mikkonen