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Although text-to-image (T2I) models have recently thrived as visual generative priors, their reliance on high-quality text-image pairs makes scaling up expensive. We argue that grasping the cross-modality alignment is not a necessity for a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shuailei Ma , Kecheng Zheng , Ying Wei , Wei Wu , Fan Lu , Yifei Zhang , Chen-Wei Xie , Biao Gong , Jiapeng Zhu , Yujun Shen

When humans read a specific text, they often visualize the corresponding images, and we hope that computers can do the same. Text-to-image synthesis (T2I), which focuses on generating high-quality images from textual descriptions, has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Nonghai Zhang , Hao Tang

Text-to-Image (T2I) models generate high-quality images but are vulnerable to malicious backdoor attacks that inject harmful biases (e.g., trigger-activated gender or racial stereotypes). Existing debiasing methods, often designed for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Hongyi Cai , Mohammad Mahdinur Rahman , Mingkang Dong , Muxin Pu , Moqyad Alqaily , Jie Li , Xinfeng Li , Jialie Shen , Meikang Qiu , Qingsong Wen

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have revolutionized generative modeling by producing high-fidelity, diverse, and visually realistic images from textual prompts. Despite these advances, existing models struggle with complex prompts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Eric Hanchen Jiang , Yasi Zhang , Zhi Zhang , Yixin Wan , Andrew Lizarraga , Shufan Li , Ying Nian Wu

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have made significant strides in visual realism and semantic consistency, yet they often perpetuate and amplify societal biases. Existing evaluation methods typically address only single-dimensional biases,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruyi Chen , Lu Zhou , Xiaogang Xu , Chiyu Zhang , Jiafei Wu , Liming Fang

Recent studies have shown that Text-to-Image (T2I) model generations can reflect social stereotypes present in the real world. However, existing approaches for evaluating stereotypes have a noticeable lack of coverage of global identity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Akshita Jha , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Remi Denton , Sarah Laszlo , Shachi Dave , Rida Qadri , Chandan K. Reddy , Sunipa Dev

Despite advancements in text-to-image generation (T2I), prior methods often face text-image misalignment problems such as relation confusion in generated images. Existing solutions involve cross-attention manipulation for better…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Leigang Qu , Wenjie Wang , Yongqi Li , Hanwang Zhang , Liqiang Nie , Tat-Seng Chua

Synthetic face generation has rapidly advanced with the emergence of text-to-image (T2I) and of multimodal large language models, enabling high-fidelity image production from natural-language prompts. Despite the widespread adoption of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Mengting Wei , Aditya Gulati , Guoying Zhao , Nuria Oliver

As machine learning methods are deployed in real-world settings such as healthcare, legal systems, and social science, it is crucial to recognize how they shape social biases and stereotypes in these sensitive decision-making processes.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Paul Pu Liang , Chiyu Wu , Louis-Philippe Morency , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Text-To-Image (TTI) Diffusion Models such as DALL-E and Stable Diffusion are capable of generating images from text prompts. However, they have been shown to perpetuate gender stereotypes. These models process data internally in multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Abhishek Mandal , Susan Leavy , Suzanne Little

Addressing biases in computer vision models is crucial for real-world AI deployments. However, mitigating visual biases is challenging due to their unexplainable nature, often identified indirectly through visualization or sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Younghyun Kim , Sangwoo Mo , Minkyu Kim , Kyungmin Lee , Jaeho Lee , Jinwoo Shin

Text-to-image generation models have recently achieved astonishing results in image quality, flexibility, and text alignment, and are consequently employed in a fast-growing number of applications. Through improvements in multilingual…

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models achieve impressive photorealism by training on large-scale web data, but models inherit cultural biases and fail to depict underrepresented regions faithfully. Existing cultural benchmarks focus mainly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Sina Malakouti , Boqing Gong , Adriana Kovashka

Bias in generative Text-to-Image (T2I) models is a known issue, yet systematically analyzing such models' outputs to uncover it remains challenging. We introduce the Visual Bias Explorer (ViBEx) to interactively explore the output space of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Johannes Eschner , Roberto Labadie-Tamayo , Matthias Zeppelzauer , Manuela Waldner

As machine learning-enabled Text-to-Image (TTI) systems are becoming increasingly prevalent and seeing growing adoption as commercial services, characterizing the social biases they exhibit is a necessary first step to lowering their risk…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , Christopher Akiki , Margaret Mitchell , Yacine Jernite

Text-to-Image (T2I) diffusion models have rapidly advanced, enabling the generation of high-quality images that align closely with textual descriptions. However, this progress has also raised concerns about their misuse for propaganda and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Jaechul Roh , Andrew Yuan , Jinsong Mao

Our research investigates the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) models, specifically text-to-image generators (T2Is), on the representation of non-Western cultures, with a focus on Indian contexts. Despite the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Sourojit Ghosh , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Sanjana Gautam , Shomir Wilson , Aylin Caliskan

The rapid adoption of generative AI models in domains such as education, policing, and social media raises significant concerns about potential bias and safety issues, particularly along protected attributes, such as race and gender, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jane Castleman , Aleksandra Korolova

User prompts for generative AI models are often underspecified, leading to a misalignment between the user intent and models' understanding. As a result, users commonly have to painstakingly refine their prompts. We study this alignment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Meera Hahn , Wenjun Zeng , Nithish Kannen , Rich Galt , Kartikeya Badola , Been Kim , Zi Wang

Bias discovery is critical for black-box generative models, especiall text-to-image (TTI) models. Existing works predominantly focus on output-level demographic distributions, which do not necessarily guarantee concept representations to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Rajatsubhra Chakraborty , Xujun Che , Depeng Xu , Cori Faklaris , Xi Niu , Shuhan Yuan