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Growing evidence shows that proactive content moderation supported by AI can help improve online discourse. However, we know little about designing these systems, how design impacts efficacy and user experience, and how people perceive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Mark Warner , Angelika Strohmayer , Matthew Higgs , Husnain Rafiq , Liying Yang , Lynne Coventry

Social media platforms provide users the freedom of expression and a medium to exchange information and express diverse opinions. Unfortunately, this has also resulted in the growth of abusive content with the purpose of discriminating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Sohail Akhtar , Valerio Basile , Viviana Patti

Online texts with toxic content are a clear threat to the users on social media in particular and society in general. Although many platforms have adopted various measures (e.g., machine learning-based hate-speech detection systems) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Yiran Ye , Thai Le , Dongwon Lee

Progress in natural language generation research has been shaped by the ever-growing size of language models. While large language models pre-trained on web data can generate human-sounding text, they also reproduce social biases and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Celine Wald , Lukas Pfahler

We analyze sentiment analysis and toxicity detection models to detect the presence of explicit bias against people with disability (PWD). We employ the bias identification framework of Perturbation Sensitivity Analysis to examine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Mukund Srinath , Shomir Wilson

Online memes are a powerful yet challenging medium for content moderation, often masking harmful intent behind humor, irony, or cultural symbolism. Conventional moderation systems "especially those relying on explicit text" frequently fail…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Sayantan Adak , Somnath Banerjee , Rajarshi Mandal , Avik Halder , Sayan Layek , Rima Hazra , Animesh Mukherjee

We collect and analyse messages exchanged in Twitter using two of the platform's publicly available APIs (the search and stream specifications). We assess the differences between the two samples, and compare the networks of communication…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-12-10 Sandra González-Bailón , Ning Wang , Alejandro Rivero , Javier Borge-Holthoefer , Yamir Moreno

Despite the valuable social interactions that online media promote, these systems provide space for speech that would be potentially detrimental to different groups of people. The moderation of content imposed by many social media has…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Lucas Henrique Costa de Lima , Julio Reis , Philipe Melo , Fabricio Murai , Fabricio Benevenuto

Content moderation is the process of flagging content based on pre-defined platform rules. There has been a growing need for AI moderators to safeguard users as well as protect the mental health of human moderators from traumatic content.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Meng Ye , Karan Sikka , Katherine Atwell , Sabit Hassan , Ajay Divakaran , Malihe Alikhani

In the pursuit of bolstering user safety, social media platforms deploy active moderation strategies, including content removal and user suspension. These measures target users engaged in discussions marked by hate speech or toxicity, often…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Hina Qayyum , Muhammad Ikram , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Ian D. Wood , Nicolas Kourtellis , Mohamed Ali Kaafar

With surge in online platforms, there has been an upsurge in the user engagement on these platforms via comments and reactions. A large portion of such textual comments are abusive, rude and offensive to the audience. With machine learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Ayush Kumar , Pratik Kumar

Model interpretability in toxicity detection greatly profits from token-level annotations. However, currently such annotations are only available in English. We introduce a dataset annotated for offensive language detection sourced from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Pia Pachinger , Janis Goldzycher , Anna Maria Planitzer , Wojciech Kusa , Allan Hanbury , Julia Neidhardt

Sociodemographic biases are a common problem for natural language processing, affecting the fairness and integrity of its applications. Within sentiment analysis, these biases may undermine sentiment predictions for texts that mention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Shomir Wilson

Detecting online toxicity has always been a challenge due to its inherent subjectivity. Factors such as the context, geography, socio-political climate, and background of the producers and consumers of the posts play a crucial role in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Tanmay Garg , Sarah Masud , Tharun Suresh , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has become increasingly utilized to provide adaptivity in educational applications. However, recent research has highlighted a variety of biases in pre-trained language models. While existing studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Thiemo Wambsganss , Vinitra Swamy , Roman Rietsche , Tanja Käser

Online social media have become an important forum for exchanging political opinions. In response to COVID measures citizens expressed their policy preferences directly on these platforms. Quantifying political preferences in online social…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Felix Biessmann

This paper investigates how collaborative AI systems can enhance user agency in identifying and evaluating misinformation on social media platforms. Traditional methods, such as personal judgment or basic fact-checking, often fall short…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Varun Sangwan , Heidi Makitalo

The rapid growth in user generated content on social media has resulted in a significant rise in demand for automated content moderation. Various methods and frameworks have been proposed for the tasks of hate speech detection and toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Elizaveta Korotkova , Isaac Chung

The global increase in mental illness requires innovative detection methods for early intervention. Social media provides a valuable platform to identify mental illness through user-generated content. This systematic review examines machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuchen Cao , Jianglai Dai , Zhongyan Wang , Yeyubei Zhang , Xiaorui Shen , Yunchong Liu , Yexin Tian

Developing machine learning models to characterize political polarization on online social media presents significant challenges. These challenges mainly stem from various factors such as the lack of annotated data, presence of noise in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Sadia Kamal , Brenner Little , Jade Gullic , Trevor Harms , Kristin Olofsson , Arunkumar Bagavathi