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Recent exoplanet surveys have predicted a very large population of planetary systems in our galaxy, more than one planet per star on the average, perhaps totalling about two hundred billion. These surveys, based on electro-magnetic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-17 Anirban Ain , Shilpa Kastha , Sanjit Mitra

We investigate the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) generated by the ringdown phase of primordial black holes (PBHs) formed in the early universe. As the ringdown signal is independent of the PBH formation mechanism, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-25 Chen Yuan , Zhen Zhong , Qing-Guo Huang

The problem of cosmological production of gravitational waves is discussed in the framework of an expanding, spatially homogeneous and isotropic FRW type Universe with time-evolving vacuum energy density. The gravitational wave equation is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-10 D. A. Tamayo , J. A. S. Lima , D. F. A. Bessada

Primordial gravitational waves (GWs) with frequencies > 10^{-15} Hz contribute to the radiation density of the Universe at the time of decoupling of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The effects of this GW background on the CMB and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Tristan L. Smith , Elena Pierpaoli , Marc Kamionkowski

Gravitational waves (GWs) have a great potential to probe cosmology. We review early universe sources that can lead to cosmological backgrounds of GWs. We begin by presenting definitions of GWs in flat space-time and in a cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-23 Chiara Caprini , Daniel G. Figueroa

We study a new source of stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) from the final collapse of a network of topological defects. Typically, the final collapse is considered negligible for generating gravitational waves (GWs) due to its…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-28 Shuailiang Ge

The Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) is expected to be a key observable for Gravitational Wave (GW) interferometry. Its detection will open a new window on early universe cosmology and on the astrophysics of compact objects.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-11 N. Bartolo , D. Bertacca , S. Matarrese , M. Peloso , A. Ricciardone , A. Riotto , G. Tasinato

We show that spectral features of primordial gravitational-wave backgrounds (GWB) can directly reconstruct \textit{Lagrangian} parameters of beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) particles, for any transient gravitational-wave production…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-23 Anish Ghoshal , Angus Spalding , Graham White

A universal contribution exists in the infrared (low frequency) regime of all gravitational waves, which results from nonlinear memory. Nonlinear memory is sourced by linear order gravitational waves and exists for any gravitational-wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-12 Caner Ünal , Doğa Veske

We study gravitational waves induced from the primordial scalar perturbations at second order around the reheating of the Universe. We consider reheating scenarios in which a transition from an early matter dominated era to the radiation…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-25 Keisuke Inomata , Kazunori Kohri , Tomohiro Nakama , Takahiro Terada

The measurement of gravitational waves produced by binary black-hole mergers at the Advanced LIGO has encouraged extensive studies on the stochastic gravitational wave background. Recent studies have focused on gravitational wave sources…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-18 Wenfeng Cui , Fei Huang , Jing Shu , Yue Zhao

We study the dynamics of the collapse of a nonspherical overdense patch during an early matter-dominated era and the associated production of gravitational waves (GWs) using a semirelativistic N-body framework that we develop. The…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-19 Albert Escrivà , Tomohiro Harada , Kazunori Kohri , Takahiro Terada , Chul-Moon Yoo

In June 2023, multiple pulsar timing array collaborations provided evidence for the existence of a stochastic gravitational wave background. Scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs), as one of the most likely sources of stochastic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-07 Jing-Zhi Zhou , Yu-Ting Kuang , Zhe Chang , H. Lü

Stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds (SGWBs) receive increasing attention and provide a new possibility to directly probe the early Universe. In the preheating process at the end of inflation, parametric resonance can generate large…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-11 Rong-Gen Cai , Zong-Kuan Guo , Pei-Ze Ding , Cheng-Jie Fu , Jing Liu

Stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is a promising tool to probe the very early universe where the standard model of particle physics and cosmology are connected closely. As a possible component of SGWB, gravitational waves (GW)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-02 Haowen Zhong , Biping Gong , Taotao Qiu

The stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) produced by merging neutron stars exhibits a peak in the kHz band. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework to exploit this distinctive feature through a Markov Chain Monte Carlo…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-04 Giulia Capurri , Andrea Lapi , Mario Spera , Carlo Baccigalupi

Motivated by the new heavy dark matter production mechanism from cosmic phase transition, we propose a novel mechanism for the generation of microscopic gravitational waves (GWs) during cosmological first-order phase transitions arising…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-12 Dayun Qiu , Siyu Jiang , Fa Peng Huang

We study the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) produced by freely decaying vortical turbulence in the early Universe. We thoroughly investigate the time correlation of the velocity field, and hence of the anisotropic stresses…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-13 Pierre Auclair , Chiara Caprini , Daniel Cutting , Mark Hindmarsh , Kari Rummukainen , Danièle A. Steer , David J. Weir

Newly born magnetars are promising sources for gravitational wave (GW) detection due to their ultra-strong magnetic fields and high spin frequencies. Within the scenario of a growing tilt angle between the star's spin and magnetic axis, due…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-21 Quan Cheng , Yun-Wei Yu , Xiao-Ping Zheng

The astrophysical stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is mostly produced from unresolved stellar binary mergers, and the number of events at any moment of time is expected to be Poisson-distributed. The event rate is governed by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-22 Suvodip Mukherjee , Joseph Silk