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What is the information leakage of an iterative randomized learning algorithm about its training data, when the internal state of the algorithm is \emph{private}? How much is the contribution of each specific training epoch to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-12 Rishav Chourasia , Jiayuan Ye , Reza Shokri

Federated Learning (FL) has become a cornerstone of privacy protection, shifting the paradigm towards localizing sensitive data while only sending model gradients to a central server. This strategy is designed to reinforce privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 H. Yi , H. Ren , C. Hu , Y. Li , J. Deng , X. Xie

The increasing need for sharing healthcare data and collaborating on clinical research has raised privacy concerns. Health information leakage due to malicious attacks can lead to serious problems such as misdiagnoses and patient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Shiyi Jiang , Farshad Firouzi , Krishnendu Chakrabarty

Federated learning frameworks have been regarded as a promising approach to break the dilemma between demands on privacy and the promise of learning from large collections of distributed data. Many such frameworks only ask collaborators to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Junyi Zhu , Matthew Blaschko

We study the learning performance of gradient descent when the empirical risk is weakly convex, namely, the smallest negative eigenvalue of the empirical risk's Hessian is bounded in magnitude. By showing that this eigenvalue can control…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-02 Dominic Richards , Mike Rabbat

The Deep Leakage from Gradient (DLG) attack has emerged as a prevalent and highly effective method for extracting sensitive training data by inspecting exchanged gradients. This approach poses a substantial threat to the privacy of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Chenyang Li , Zhao Song , Weixin Wang , Chiwun Yang

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning framework for collaborative model training with a network of clients (edge devices). FL offers default client privacy by allowing clients to keep their sensitive data on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Wenqi Wei , Ling Liu , Margaret Loper , Ka-Ho Chow , Mehmet Emre Gursoy , Stacey Truex , Yanzhao Wu

Gradient Inversion (GI) attacks are a ubiquitous threat in Federated Learning (FL) as they exploit gradient leakage to reconstruct supposedly private training data. Common defense mechanisms such as Differential Privacy (DP) or stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Daniel Scheliga , Patrick Mäder , Marco Seeland

In Federated Learning (FL), clients share gradients with a central server while keeping their data local. However, malicious servers could deliberately manipulate the models to reconstruct clients' data from shared gradients, posing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Kunlan Xiang , Haomiao Yang , Meng Hao , Shaofeng Li , Haoxin Wang , Zikang Ding , Wenbo Jiang , Tianwei Zhang

Gradient inversion attacks threaten client privacy in federated learning by reconstructing training samples from clients' shared gradients. Gradients aggregate contributions from multiple records and existing attacks may fail to disentangle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Francesco Diana , Chuan Xu , André Nusser , Giovanni Neglia

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising privacy-preserving collaborative model training paradigm without sharing raw data. However, recent studies have revealed that private information can still be leaked through shared gradient…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Pengxin Guo , Runxi Wang , Shuang Zeng , Jinjing Zhu , Haoning Jiang , Yanran Wang , Yuyin Zhou , Feifei Wang , Hui Xiong , Liangqiong Qu

We consider vertical logistic regression (VLR) trained with mini-batch gradient descent -- a setting which has attracted growing interest among industries and proven to be useful in a wide range of applications including finance and medical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Yuzheng Hu , Tianle Cai , Jinyong Shan , Shange Tang , Chaochao Cai , Ethan Song , Bo Li , Dawn Song

Reconstruction attacks against federated learning (FL) aim to reconstruct users' samples through users' uploaded gradients. Local differential privacy (LDP) is regarded as an effective defense against various attacks, including sample…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Zhichao You , Xuewen Dong , Shujun Li , Ximeng Liu , Siqi Ma , Yulong Shen

Recent works have brought attention to the vulnerability of Federated Learning (FL) systems to gradient leakage attacks. Such attacks exploit clients' uploaded gradients to reconstruct their sensitive data, thereby compromising the privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Mingyuan Fan , Cen Chen , Chengyu Wang , Xiaodan Li , Wenmeng Zhou

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple entities to train a shared model collaboratively. Its core, privacy-preserving principle is that participants only exchange model updates, such as gradients, and never their raw, sensitive data. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Md Fazle Rasul , Alanood Alqobaisi , Bruhadeshwar Bezawada , Indrakshi Ray

Federated learning (FL) is a popular distributed learning framework that can reduce privacy risks by not explicitly sharing private data. However, recent works demonstrated that sharing model updates makes FL vulnerable to inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Jingwei Sun , Ang Li , Binghui Wang , Huanrui Yang , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

One of the key advantages of Federated Learning (FL) is its ability to collaboratively train a Machine Learning (ML) model while keeping clients' data on-site. However, this can create a false sense of security. Despite not sharing private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Vincenzo Carletti , Pasquale Foggia , Carlo Mazzocca , Giuseppe Parrella , Mario Vento

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple data-owners to collaboratively train machine learning models by exchanging local gradients, while keeping their private data on-device. To simultaneously enhance privacy and training efficiency,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-06 Hasin Us Sami , Swapneel Sen , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy , Basak Guler

Federated learning (FL) allows the collaborative training of AI models without needing to share raw data. This capability makes it especially interesting for healthcare applications where patient and data privacy is of utmost concern.…

Machine learning models are susceptible to membership inference attacks (MIAs), which aim to infer whether a sample is in the training set. Existing work utilizes gradient ascent to enlarge the loss variance of training data, alleviating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Zhenlong Liu , Lei Feng , Huiping Zhuang , Xiaofeng Cao , Hongxin Wei